IN the above scenario Sender needs to send a message to the Recipient through the Internet. Based on above scenario answer the following questions. 1. What are three pieces of information the sender must know about the recipients for sending the data. in which the above three pieces of information exists. eker may exist?
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- What is the distinction between blocking and nonblocking with respect to messages?Electronic mail systems differ in the manner in which multiple recipients are handled. In some systems, the originating mail handler makes all the necessary copies, and these are sent out independently. An alternative approach is to determine the route for each destination first. Then a single message is sent out on a common portion of the route, and copies are made only when the routes diverge, and this process is referred to as ‘mail bagging’. Discuss the security requirements and implications of the two methodsOne of the problems with the Internet email system is that sending forged emails is relatively straightforward, i.e., it is easy to send an email with a fake sender/from address. One solution to this problem would be for a domain’s mail servers to digitally sign any email originating from the domain. For this to be useful, the public key would need to be made available to clients to validate the signatures. It is proposed that the public keys of the mail servers will be verified and signed by a certification authority (same as SSL/TLS certificates) and distributed via a standardised URL for the domain, e.g., https://mybusiness.com/email.pubkey. (a) Explain how the client would obtain the public key and validate the email server’s digital signatures. (b) Discuss the problem of trusting the obtained public key and how this solution results in public keys that can/cannot be trusted. (c) Indicate whether you believe this approach could be used to prevent forged emails and explain why it…
- 25. When a file is transferred between two computers, two acknowledgement strategies are possible. In the first one, the file is chopped up into packets, which are individually acknowledged by the receiver, but the file transfer as a whole is not acknowledged. In the second one, the packets are not acknowledged individually, but the entire file is acknowledged when it arrives. Discuss these two approaches.Draw a sequence diagram for air ticket reservation which have 6 different classifiers such as User, Mobile Device, WAP Gateway, WebServer, Apache and Database Server. User sends the message Requestflightinfo ( ) to Mobile device and get back reply as Displayflightinfo ( ). Mobile device sends the message of connectthroughWAP( ) to WAP Gateway and receives the message as Sendthroughchannel( ).WAP Gateway sends message Authenticate( ) to Webserver and gets reply as Responseinfo( ). Apache will get the message to ActivateApache( ) from webserver and receives WMLcontent ( ).Apache will send ExecuteQuery( ) message to Database Server and receives Retrieveinfo( ).Establish a list of DNS records, classifying each one according to the kind of record it includes, and then arrange this list. Examples of each of them, along with an explanation of why it is advisable to make use of them, have been provided for your perusal. Do you feel it is feasible to have a web server and a mail server both use the same name at the same time?
- Https is a protocol used to secure websites from being tampered with by other parties without proper authorization. it bridges the gap between sender and receiver.Using protocols like secure socket layer/TLS, HTTPS encrypts data sent over the internet, making it unreadable to anybody who shouldn't have it.This prevents a "man in the middle" assault on the system.Such assaults intercept messages before they reach their intended recipient.It then transmits the revised information to the user.It guarantees the server's authenticity, too.Over a network using WEP, we were able to capture two frames with the sameInitialization Vector (IV). The following are the encrypted messages:• First frame encrypted message:1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 11 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0• Second frame encrypted message:1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 11 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0We also know that one of the messages is a control message with the following plaintext content:0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 01 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 01. Find the plaintext of the other message.2. If the captured messages were from two different stations on a network that usesTKIP, is it possible to find the plaintext of the other message? Explain why orwhy not possible.Suppose a user Abdullah sends a following message "We have a Midterm Exam of DCN today" on internet to his friend Ahad. How that communication takes place according to 0SI 7 layers model? Write very short description of each of 7 layers DIAGRAM for your answers for both friends with reference to the text send by Abdullah. Note: Don't mention the definitions or responsibilities of Layers; you have to consider the above scenario.
- The application layer provides services to the user. Communication is provided using a logical connection, which means that the two application layers assume that there is an imaginary direct connection through which they can send and receive messages. Alice and Bob assume that there is a two-way logical channel between them through which they can send and receive messages. The actual communication, however, takes place through several devices. However, different types of application layer protocols have different types of architecture and they transfer data using different types of systems. The nature of this application, however, is different from other applications. So, where do you think that the ‘push-pull’ communication system is used? And how this system differs from the traditional client-server architecture as used in WWW, HTTP etc.? Draw figures, if appropriate.Non-Repudiation and Anonymity ProtocolsFor the Zhou-Gollman non-repudiation protocol discussed in the lecture on “Non-Repudiation and Anonymity Protocols”, which one of the following statements is false:a) At time point 4, both A and B can produce evidence to prove that they received Kb) At time point 2, both A and B can produce evidence to prove that they received a signed message from the other partyc) At time point 0, S cannot prove anythingd) At time point 3, B cannot produce evidence to prove that A has access to key Ke) At time point 1, A can prove that B is alivef) At time point 4, S can prove that A is aliveg) At time point 3, S can produce evidence that that A has access to key Kh) At time point 0, A is not alivei) At time point 2, A can produce evidence to prove that B is alivej) At time point 4, the protocol terminatesExplain your answer below:A prominent criticism leveled against layered protocols is the apparent overhead introduced by the act of copying that takes place at each stage. What can be done to put an end to the practice of copying?