Indicate the specific events that are occurring at 1,2,3 and 4. B. At which area of the graph are sodium ions rapidly entering the neuron. C. At which area of the graph are potassium ions rapidly leaving the neuron? D. At which area of the graph is the sodium ion concentration higher outside than inside the neuron? Explain how a membrane that is said to be "resting" can continually use energy to transport ions. Action Potential Membrane potential (mV) +20 0- 20- -40- -60- -80 0 m 6 Time (milliseconds)

Indicate the specific events that are occurring at 1,2,3 and 4. B. At which area of the graph are sodium ions rapidly entering the neuron. C. At which area of the graph are potassium ions rapidly leaving the neuron? D. At which area of the graph is the sodium ion concentration higher outside than inside the neuron? Explain how a membrane that is said to be "resting" can continually use energy to transport ions. Action Potential Membrane potential (mV) +20 0- 20- -40- -60- -80 0 m 6 Time (milliseconds)

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter4: Principles Of Neural And Hormonal Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2SQE

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Action potentials occur when ______. a. potassium gates close b. a stimulus pushes membrane potential to threshold c. sodium-potassium pumps become active d. neurotransmitter is reabsorbed
Conformational changes in channel proteins brought about by voltage changes are responsible for opening and closing Na+ and K+ gates during the generation of an action potential. (True or false?)
Indicate the specific events that are occurring at 1,2,3 and 4. B. At which area of the graph are sodium ions rapidly entering the neuron. C. At which area of the graph are potassium ions rapidly leaving the neuron? D. At which area of the graph is the sodium ion concentration higher outside than inside the neuron? Explain how a membrane that is said to be "resting" can continually use energy to transport ions. Your answer Action Potential Membrane potential (mV) +20+ 0- 20- -40- 60- -80 0 M 1 2 Time (milliseconds) 31
This graph shows the relative voltage of a neuron's cytoplasm near the plasma membrane relative to the zone outside the membrane. A similar graph could be drawn for a skeletal muscle cell. Which statement about this graph is NOT RIGHT? A. During "A" there are more K+ inside the cell than outside the cell B. Between D and E the sodium potassium pump is getting ions to their original positions C. During "C" Chloride ions (Cl-) are rushing inside the cell D. During "B" Na+ are rushing inside the cell
The diagram below indicates different ion concentrations from the inside to the outside of a neuron while the neuron is at rest. A. Use the different colour to indicate the sodium ions, potassium ions, sodium ion channels, and potassium ion channels. B. Also indicate the charge inside and outside the neuron. Your answer NUNUNU extracellular fluid cytoplasm
Use what you know about the physiology of neurons to answer the following questions. Treat questions a- c as unrelated to each other. a. Imagine that a toxin creates pores in a neuron that are permeable to Na*. Describe its immediate effect on the resting potential: identify which ions diffuse across the membrane, which direction they diffuse (and why), and whether this brings the neuron closer to or further from its threshold potential. b. Imagine that a toxin makes K* leak channels more permeable to K* ions. Describe its immediate effect on the resting potential: identify which ions diffuse across the membrane, which direction they diffuse (and why), and whether this depolarizes or hyperpolarizes the neuron. c. Imagine that in a different neuron, voltage-gated K" channels open quickly, only 0.3ms after voltage-gated Na channels. Predict changes in timing, amplitude and shape of an AP by drawing one labeled diagram comparing a normal AP (solid line) to your AP (dashed line), and…
The figure below may help in answering some of the questions. 1. What ions are flowing (and in which direction) both during the rising phase and the falling phase of the action potential? 2. What are the values of both the 'y' (vertical) axis and the 'x' (horizontal) axis. 3. If extracellular levels of K+ rose (a condition called hyperkalemia), how would that affect the resting membrane potential? 3
The resting membrane potential results fromA. uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane only.B. differences in membrane permeability to Na+ and K+ onlyC. activity of the sodium/potassium pump only.D. uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane, differences in membrane permeability to Na+ and K+, and sodium/potassium pump activity
At rest, a neuron has a lower concentration of sodium than the surrounding fluid. The neuron also has a higher concentration of potassium inside the cell. The sodium-potassium ion pump is used to maintain the neuron in the resting state. Which of the following statements is true? A. Remaining at rest requires the use of ATP. B. Remaining at rest requires an input of sodium. C. Remaining at rest requires the activation of cotransporters. D Remaining at rest requires decreased permeability of the membrane.
atch the description with the statement that best describes the following statements hyperpolarization repolarization depolarization A. usually corresponds to opening of voltage-gated potassium channels B. any change in the membrane potential that moves the membrane potential to a value more positive than the resting potential (eg from -70mV to +35mV) C. any change in the membrane potential that moves the membrane potential to a value more negative than the resting potential (eg from -70mV to -85mV)
Match the description with the statement that best describes the following statements hyperpolarization repolarization depolarization A. usually corresponds to opening of voltage-gated potassium channels B. any change in the membrane potential that moves the membrane potential to a value more positive than the resting potential (eg from -70mV to +35mV) C. any change in the membrane potential that moves the membrane potential to a value more negative than the resting potential (eg from -70mV to -85mV)
Assume a neuron's membrane potential is -60 mV, what's the net consequence on the membrane potential of a 5 picoamp (pA) sodium current that occurs simultaneously with a 5 pA chloride current? a. There's a 5 pA hyperpolarizing current b. There's a 10 pA depolarizing current c. There's a 10 pA hyperpolarizing current d. There's a 5 pA depolarizing current e. There's no change in the membrane potential