Keep in mind that packet reordering and reassembly occur throughout the transport phase of the TCP/IP protocol suite's operation. It is possible for a firewall to operate at a lower abstraction level, such as the Internet or data layer. Any information about a traffic stream that is out of order or has been deleted will be lost by a stateful inspection firewall that is using stateful inspection.

Keep in mind that packet reordering and reassembly occur throughout the transport phase of the TCP/IP protocol suite's operation. It is possible for a firewall to operate at a lower abstraction level, such as the Internet or data layer. Any information about a traffic stream that is out of order or has been deleted will be lost by a stateful inspection firewall that is using stateful inspection.

Systems Architecture

7th Edition

ISBN:9781305080195

Author:Stephen D. Burd

Publisher:Stephen D. Burd

Chapter9: Computer Networks

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 16VE

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Keep in mind that the reordering and reassembly of packets occurs during the transport phase of the TCP/IP protocol suite. A firewall's operations may take place at a lower level of abstraction, such as the Internet or the data layer. If a traffic stream is missing or out of order, a stateful inspection firewall will not be able to learn anything about it.
Don't forget that the TCP/IP protocol suite's transport stage is where reordering and reassembly of packets occurs. If necessary, a firewall may function at the Internet or data layer level of abstraction. In the event that a traffic stream is out of order or has been erased, a stateful inspection firewall will be unable to learn anything about it.
Remember that packet reordering and reassembly take place during the transport step of the TCP/IP protocol suite. A firewall can operate at a lower level of abstraction, such as the Internet or the data layer. A stateful inspection firewall will not be able to determine anything about a traffic stream if it is out of order or has been deleted.
Remember that the TCP/IP protocol suite performs packet reordering and reassembly during the transport phase. For example, firewalls may function on the Internet or the data layer, which is a lower level of abstraction. If a traffic stream is out of order or erased, a stateful inspection firewall will not be able to determine anything about it.
Keep in mind that packet reordering and reassembly occur throughout the transport phase of the TCP/IP protocol suite. A firewall may operate at a lower level of abstraction, such as the Internet or data layer. A stateful inspection firewall will be unable to discern anything about a traffic stream that is out of order or has been wiped.
R6Fragmentation of an IP datagram takes place if its size is larger than the MTU of the subnet over which the datagram will be routed. Most IP datagram reassembly algorithms have a timer to avoid having a lost fragment tie up reassembly buffers forever. Suppose a datagram is fragmented into four fragments. The first three fragments arrive, but the last one is delayed. Eventually the timer goes off and the three fragments in the receiver's memory are discarded. A little later, the last fragment stumbles in. What should be done with it?
Keep in mind that during the transit phase of the TCP/IP protocol suite, packet reordering and reassembly take place. An abstraction layer underneath the Internet or data layer is where a firewall may operate. An out-of-order or wiped traffic stream will be impossible for a stateful inspection firewall to collect any information about.
Please keep in mind that packet reordering and reassembling takes place during the transport phase of the TCP/IP protocol suite's transmission. A firewall may function at a lower level of abstraction, such as the Internet layer or the data layer, depending on its configuration. Unable to detect anything about a traffic stream that is out of order or has been erased is the result of a stateful inspection firewall.
One of the techniques used in transport layer protocols is the receipt of acknowledgements (such as the RDT 2.0 protocol that we covered before). Is it possible for an acknowledgement to be contaminated in any way? What process has been put in place to deal with this situation?
In transport layer protocols, acknowledgements are one of the techniques available (such as the RDT 2.0 protocol that we covered before). Is it possible for an acknowledgement to be contaminated in some way? So, what is the process in place to deal with this situation?
Both UDP and TCP use port numbers to identify the destination entity when delivering a message. Give two reasons for why these protocols invented a new abstract ID (port numbers), instead of using process IDs, which already existed when these protocols were designed.
Most IP datagram reassembly algorithms have a timer to avoid having a lost fragment tie up reassembly buffers forever. Suppose that a datagram is fragmented into four fragments. The first three fragments arrive, but the last one is delayed. Eventually, the timer goes off and the three fragments in the receiver's memory are discarded. A little later, the last fragment stumbles in. What should be done with it?