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List the Unimolecular substitution (SN1) mechanistic steps (as discussed in the problem solving video) and provide a reaction as an example.
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- myCoyote OWlv2 Homework Registration: CHEM 2... C OWLV2 | Online teaching and learning res.. * Start [Review Topics] [References) CH3 OMe H3C. CH3 MeOH CH3 CH3 CH3 H3C H3C H3C Br Alkyl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions. When the kinetics of the reaction are measured, if the rate of the reaction is found to be dependent only upon the concentration of the alkyl halide the reaction is first order. The substitution reaction is thus termed SN1, and the elimination reaction is termed E1. These reactions are unimolecular and occur in two steps. The first step is rate-limiting and involves the loss of the leaving group to form a carbocation. In the second, fast, step the nucleophile adds to the carbocation in the SN1 reaction or elimination occurs to give an alkene in the E1 reaction. Because the carbocation is planar, the nucleophile can add to either face and therefore racemization is usually observed although solvent effects can influence this somewhat. E1…Which reaction or statement regarding nucleophilic substitutions is incorrect? A) C₁ + 2 H2O ноттон + 2 HCI B) ta CI+MeOH to + HCI C) D) The rate-limiting step in SN1 reactions is the initial step, loss of the leaving group. Nucleophilic substitution reactions that follow second-order kinetics involve complete inversion of configuration.(d) Consider the following catalyzed and non-catalyzed pathways of a substitution reaction of bromoethane. Draw an energy diagram for each of the following reactions (label all axes and include reactants, intermediates (if any) and products). CH3CH₂Br + HO CH³CH₂OH + B (non-catalyzed) ное CH3CH₂Br + CH3CH₂OH + 1 (catalyzed) CH3CH₂ + Br
- The first reaction can lead to over substitution. In the second reaction, no over substitution is observed. In 4 sentences or less, provide a reasonable explanation for this observation. AICI3 over substitution product AICI3This reaction does not follow the expected theory. Given what you know about substitution/elimination, what is the expected mechanism this reaction should follow? Suggest why that is not what happens and give the actual product of the reaction. Br ткон s3. It is required to introduce a halogen group to a five membered ring, thiophene. Discuss the reaction mechanism involved in the reaction by selecting a suitable halogen group and analyze why a particular substituted product obtained after the reaction is predominant over the other possible product(s) with the help of reactions. To meet the ever increasing demand of global population, the demand for textile products and consumption of dyes by these industries is increasing.
- 3. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (NAS) reactions have the opposite trend in terms of reaction rate when compared with SN2 reaction rates. This is to say that aromatic fluorides undergo substitution the fastest under NAS conditions but the slowest under SN2 conditions. Using your knowledge of the mechanisms of these reactions, explain why this is the case. (Hint: It is important to consider the rate-determining step of each mechanism). NuO Nu Rate of reaction follows the following trend: F> CI > Br>1 NuO Nu Rate of reaction follows the following trend: I> Br > CI >FThe conversion of alcohols into alkyl halides by reaction with hydrogen halides is an example of a Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction. This kind of reaction can proceed by two different mechanisms depending on the structure of alcohol substrates used. Generally, primary alcohols are substituted via SN2 mechanism, while secondary and tertiary alcohols undergo SN1 mechanism. Consider the following reaction given in the picture below and the questions in the picture too.Draw a structural formula of an alkene or alkenes (if more than one) that undergo acid-catalyzed hydration and without rearrangement give 1-methylcyclohexanol as the major product. • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms. • If more than one structure fits the description, draw them all. • Draw one structure per sketcher. Add additional sketchers using the drop-down menu in the bottom right corner. Separate structures with + signs from the drop-down menu. ● AAVII -85 ? ChemDoodleⓇ Y [F
- Draw a structural formula of an alkene or alkenes (if more than one) that undergo acid-catalyzed hydration and without rearrangement give 1-methylcyclohexanol as the major product. • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms. • If more than one structure fits the description, draw them all. • Draw one structure per sketcher. Add additional sketchers using the drop-down menu in the bottom right corner. Separate structures with + signs from the drop-down menu. ● VIL ? ChemDoodle Ⓡ Qt Sn [Fb) Explain in detail what characteristics of the alkyl halide influence whether a mechanism will be SN1 or SN2. c) Explain in detail what characteristics of a nucleophile influence whether a reaction will be SN1 or SN2.Give 3 examples of a reaction mechanism of E1 that follows Zaitsev's rule.