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Mention at least two simple chemical tests by which you can distinguish between benzaldehyde and benzoic acid.
Benzaldehyde will respond to the Tollen's reagent where as benzoic acid will not respond to it.
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- Name at least two alternative chemical tests that can be performed to characterize functional groups/hydrocarbons in an unknown sample (aside from Nitration test, Bromine test, and basic oxidation reaction test.)Scott test is one of the methods used for screening for Cocaine in Forensic Chemistry. The multi step method consists of a) reacting the sample drug with cobaltous thiocyanate (Co(SCN)2) b) dissolving of the formed precipitate by adding HCl and c) extraction of coordination compound with Chloroform d) measurement of absorbance of extracted coordination compound at 627 nm What is the type of chemical equilibria involved in first step of the method? a.Solubility Product equilibria b.Bronsted Lowry acid – Bronsted Lowry base equilibria c.Complex ion formation d.Coordination compound formationPropose a scheme to separate and isolate a mixture containing 4-aminobenzoate, 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene, and napthalene. Isolate two of the three solids by extraction. (please explain what solvents to use and the process step by step)
- Complete the table for identification tests of amines and amides. What would be the composition/reagent used for: - Hinsberg - Quinhydrone - Ramini - Alkaline Hydrolysis - Acid Hydrolysis - Nitrous acid test What would be the Test for Amine/Amide for: - Hinsberg - Quinhydrone - Ramini - Alkaline Hydrolysis - Acid Hydrolysis - Nitrous acid test What would be the positive result for: - Hinsberg - Quinhydrone - Ramini - Alkaline Hydrolysis - Acid Hydrolysis - Nitrous acid testDiscuss why sodium hydroxide may be used in conjunction with triethanolamine to react with stearic acid in the formulation of vanishing creams.Indicate what you would do and the observations you would expect for each case. Be explicit in your explanations . Use simple chemical tests ( not including melting point, boiling point, spectroscopy, etc.) whenever possible and more elaborate tests for other cases. Describe how to distinguish between each of the following: A. 1-phenylpropyne and 3-phenylpropyne B. phenol and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol
- Lipids from an organic sample are extracted separately by column chromatography using the ff eluants: 1st eluant - chloroform: methanol: water (6:3:1) 2nd eluant - methanol: chloroform (9:1) 3rd eluant – petroleum ether: ethyl ether (1:1) Test results for each eluate are tabulated below. Identify the possible lipid present in each eluate. Test Reagents 1. KHSO4 2. HNO3,(NH4)3MoO4 3. CHCl3, acetic anhydride, conc. H2SO4 4. -naphthol, conc. H2SO4 5. Hydroxylamine HCl, FeCl3 6. ninhydrin reagent POSSIBLE LIPIDS: Triacylglycerol, cholesterol, sphingomyelin, lecithinGive the reagent or chemical test that would differentiate the following pairs of compounds. Write chemical equations for the reactions. List of Chemical Tests (choose here)I. Halogenation: Bromination with and without lightII. Oxidation: Reaction with Baeyer’s reagent III. Reaction with Ammoniacal Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) or simply Tollen’s reagent a. benzene and ethylbenzeneb. 1-butyne and 2-butynec. 2-methylpentane and 2-methyl-2-pentened. toluene and 1-methylcyclohexeneA mixture of lipids is applied to a silica gel column (a column chromatography), and the column is then washed with increasingly non-polar solvents. The mixture consists of phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, cholesteryl palmitate (a sterol ester), sphingomyelin, palmitate, n-tetradecanol, triacyglycerol, and cholesterol. In what order will the lipids elute from the column? Explain the reasons for your answer(s).
- For which of the following generic substances is it possible to isolate the enantiomers? (R1, R2 and R3represent different groups.)Determine the weight/volume of the chemicals needed to prepare the following solutions: a) 100 ml of 0.9% (w/v) saline (NaCl) b) 30 ml of 50% glycerol (v/v) c) Electrophoresis requires TAE, which is a specific mixture of Tris base, acetic acid, and EDTA. TAE is normally made as a 50X concentrated stock. Provide a recipe to make 40 ml of 50X TAE. The recipe for one liter of 50X TAE is as follows: 242g Tris base, 57.1 ml glacial acetic acid, 100 ml 0.5 M EDTADefine sterols.