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Financial Ratios
A Ratio refers to a figure calculated as a reference to the relationship of two or more numbers and can be expressed as a fraction, proportion, percentage, or the number of times. When the number is determined by taking two accounting numbers derived from the financial statements, it is termed as the accounting ratio.
Return on Equity
The Return on Equity (RoE) is a measure of the profitability of a business concerning the funds by its stockholders/shareholders. ROE is a metric used generally to determine how well the company utilizes its funds provided by the equity shareholders.
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- An auto repair company needs a new machine that will check for defective sensors. The machine has an Initial investment of $224,000. Incremental revenues, including cost savings, are $120,000, and Incremental expenses, including depreciation, are $50,000. There is no salvage value. What is the accounting rate of return (ARR)?A Company is considering two alternatives with regards to an equipment which it needs. The alternatives are as follows: Alternative A; Purchase Cost of equipment Salvage value Daily operating cost Economic life, years P700,000 100,000 500 10 Alternative B: Rental at P1,500 per day At 18% interest, how many days per year must the equipment be in use if Alternative A is to be chosen.Assume that a company is choosing between two alternatives—keep an existing machine or replace it with a machine. The costs associated with the two alternatives are summarized as follows: Existing Machine New Machine Purchase cost (new) $ 15,000 $ 26,000 Remaining book value $ 6,000 Overhaul needed now $ 5,000 Annual cash operating costs $ 11,500 $ 7,000 Salvage value (now) $ 2,000 Salvage value (eight years from now) $ 1,000 $ 6,000 If the company overhauls its existing machine, it will be usable for eight more years. If it buys the new machine, it will be used for eight years. Based on a net present value analysis with a discount rate of 14%, what is the financial advantage (disadvantage) of replacing the existing machine with a new machine?
- BAK Corp. is considering purchasing one of two new diagnostic machines. Either machine would make it possible for the company to bid on jobs that it currently isn't equipped to do. Estimates regarding each machine are provided below. Original cost Estimated life Salvage value Estimated annual cash inflows Estimated annual cash outflows Net present value. Machine A $76,600 Profitability index 8 years Which machine should be purchased? $19,900 $4,890 Machine A 0 Click here to view the factor table. Calculate the net present value and profitability index of each machine. Assume a 9% discount rate. (If the net present value is negative, use either a negative sign preceding the number eg-45 or parentheses eg (45). Round answer for present value to 0 decimal places, e.g. 125 and profitability index to 2 decimal places, e.g. 10.50. For calculation purposes, use 5 decimal places as displayed in the factor table provided.) should be purchased. Machine B $179,000 8 years 0 $40,400 $9,940 Machine…Reference: Case Study S Dunn Manufacturing is considering the following two alternatives. The cost information for the two proposals for replacing an equipment are provided are in table below. Initial cost Benefits/year Machine X $120,000 $20,000 for the first 10 years and $9,000 for the next 10 years Life Salvage value $40,000 MARR 5.2. The NPW of machine X is A) $35,158 B) $48,192 C) $50,752 Machine Y $96,000 $12,000 per year for 20 years. 20 years 8% $20,000A company has decided to buy a new machine. Two alternatives, A and B, are considered with the following data. Find the incremental rate of return between A and B. A B Cost new $850,000 $980,000 Annual O&M Cost $50,000/yr $45,000/yr Salvage value $180,000 $300,000 Annual income $230,000/yr $240,000/yr Estimated life (yr) 10 10
- BAK Corp. is considering purchasing one of two new diagnostic machines. Either machine would make it possible for the company to bid on jobs that it currently isn't equipped to do. Estimates regarding each machine are provided here Original cost Estimated life Salvage value Estimated annual cash inflows Estimated annual cash outflows Machine A $75,500 8 years 0 Net present value Profitability index $20,000 $5,000 Click here to view PV table. Calculate the net present value and profitability index of each machine. Assume a 9% discount rate. (If the net present value is negative, use either a negative sign preceding the number eg -45 or parentheses es (45). Round answer for present value to 0 decimal places, eg. 125 and profitability index to 2 decimal places, eg. 10.50. For calculation purposes, use 5 decimal places as displayed in the factor table provided.) Machine A Which machine should be purchased? Machine A should be purchased Machine B $180,000 8 years 0 $40,000 $10,000 Machine B…Your firm is considering purchasing a machine with the following annual, end-of-year, book investment accounts. Gross investment Less: Accumulated depreciation Net investment AAR Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 $ 58,000 $58,000 $ 58,000 $ 58,000 $58,000 0 14,500 29,000 43,500 58,000 +% $ 58,000 $43,500 $ 29,000 $14,500 $ The machine generates, on average, $6,000 per year in additional net income. What is the average accounting return for this machine? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) 0Fuller Industries is considering replacing a machine that is presently used in its production process. Which of the following amounts represents a sunk cost? Original cost Remaining useful life in years Current age in years Book value Current disposal value in cash Future disposal value in cash (in 5 years) Annual cash operating costs OA. $55,000 OB. $33,000 OC. $45,000 D. $9,000 Old Machine Replacement Machine $55,000 $45,000 5 5 5 0 $33,000 $9,000 $0 $0 $8,000 $4,000
- EIF Manufacturing Company needs to overhaul its drill press or buy a new one. The facts have been gathered, and they are as follows: Current Machine New Machine Purchase Price, New $88,000 $110,000 Current book value 33,000 Overhaul needed now 44,000 Annual cash operating costs 77,000 44,000 Current salvage value 22,000 Salvage value in five years 5,500 22,000 Which alternative is the most desirable with a current required rate of return of 20%? Show computations, and assume no taxes.Sheridan Corp. is considering purchasing one of two new diagnostic machines. Either machine would make it possible for the company to bid on jobs that it currently isn't equipped to do. Estimates regarding each machine are provided here. Original cost Estimated life Salvage value Estimated annual cash inflows Estimated annual cash outflows Net present value Machine A $78,200 8 years Profitability index 0 $19,800 $5,130 Click here to view the factor table. Calculate the net present value and profitability index of each machine. Assume a 9% discount rate. (If the net present value is negative, use either a negative sign preceding the number eg-45 or parentheses eg (45). Round answer for present value to 0 decimal places, e.g. 125 and profitability index to 2 decimal places, eg. 10.50. For calculation purposes, use 5 decimal places as displayed in the factor table provided.) Machine A Machine B $182,000 8 years $39,600 $10,180 Machine BBAK Corp. is considering purchasing one of two new diagnostic machines. Either machine would make it possible for the company to bid on jobs that it currently isn't equipped to do. Estimates regarding each machine are provided below. Original cost Estimated life Salvage value Estimated annual cash inflows Estimated annual cash outflows Click here to view the factor table. Net present value Machine A Profitability index $78,200 8 years Which machine should be purchased? $19,800 $5,130 Machine A 0 Machine A should be purchased. Machine B Calculate the net present value and profitability index of each machine. Assume a 9% discount rate. (If the net present value is negative, use either a negative sign preceding the number eg -45 or parentheses eg (45). Round answer for present value to O decimal places, e.g. 125 and profitability index to 2 decimal places, e.g. 10.50. For calculation purposes, use 5 decimal places as displayed in the factor table provided.) $182,000 8 years 0 $39,600…