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Provide two applications in real-world problems of priority queues. How would you explain heaps in general? I mean explain heaps to someone who dont have knowledge about CS.
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- Problem 1: Consider an array-based queue implementation. Suppose we wish to use an extra bitin queue records to indicate whether a queue is empty.1. Modify the declarations and operations for a circular queue to accommodate this feature.2. Would you expect the change to be worthwhile?Problem 2: Consider an array-based queue implementation. A variant of the circular queuerecords the position of the front element and the length of the queue.1. Is it necessary in this implementation to limit the length of a queue to maxlength - 1?2. Write the five queue operations for this implementation.3. Compare this implementation with the circular queue implementation discussed in class.Problem 3: A dequeue (double-ended queue) is a list from which elements can be inserted ordeleted at either end.1. Develop an array-based implementation for dequeue.2. Develop a pointer-based implementation for dequeue.Java Consider our array-based unbounded queue implementation. What would be the effect of starting with a capacity of 1? What would be the effect of starting with a capacity of 0?Question 3 a. "Queues and stacks are used in many real-life situations". In your own words, clearly distinguish between queues and stacks; and give one example of real-life situations in which each of them is used. b. In an array-based implementation of a stack, which end of the contents of the array represent the bottom of the stack and why? c. If the size of circular queue K is 4 with indices number from 0 to 3 what would be the state of the queue after the following set of 8 operations below. Show in a diagram the state of queue K after each of the 8 operations. K. enqueue (“F"), K. enqueue (“R"), K. dequeue(), K. enqueue (“P"), dequeue(), K.front(), K. enqueue (“Z"), K. enqueue (“G") d. Why are insertions and deletions at the logical end of the array more efficient than insertions and deletions in the interior of the array?
- Answer the following in your own words: Your friend says they implemented a stack as a linked list with reference pointers to both a head and the tail node (i.e. they implemented a stack as a double ended linked list). They said this significantly improved the performance for all functions (push, pop, search, and update). Are they correct? Why or why not? Another friend implemented a queue as a linked list with only a head pointer (no tail node). She said this made performance of all functions (insert, remove, search, and update) categorically equal to a queue as a linked list with a head and a tail node. Is she correct? Why or why not?Short answer Answer the following in your own words: Your friend says they implemented a stack as a linked list with reference pointers to both a head and the tail node (i.e. they implemented a stack as a double ended linked list). They said this significantly improved the performance for all functions (push, pop, search, and update). Are they correct? Why or why not? Another friend implemented a queue as a linked list with only a head pointer (no tail node). She said this made performance of all functions (insert, remove, search, and update) categorically equal to a queue as a linked list with a head and a tail node. Is she correct? Why or why not?Can we use heaps as priority queues? How so? Write an explanation, with the help of pseudocode/diagrams to support your explanation. Given a max heap, is there a way to use the max heap as a min heap, without writing a whole min heap implementation? Is the opposite also true? Justify your answer with pseudocode, and/or python OR java code, and explain your answer.
- Question 42 What makes implementing a queue with a Doubly Linked List relatively easier than implementing a queue with a typical array, where all elements stay in adjacent locations? There's no need to explicitly shift the elements of a Linked List to the front, as there would be in an array. There's no need to keep track of how many elements are present, as there would be in an array. There is no advantage to using a Linked List implementation over an array implementation. There's no need to keep track of a front and a back, as there would be in an array.During our conversation about Stacks, Queues, and Deques, we talked about the circular array implementation of a queue. 1. Why didn't we need a circular array implementation of a stack? What quality, specifically, does a queue have that led to a need for the circular array implementation? (You need to be specific here, but shouldn't require more than a sentence of two to answer this.) 2. You've seen that the dynamically-allocated array underlying a std::vector is resized periodically. Propose an algorithm for resizing the array used in the circular array implementation of a queue when it comes time to enqueue an element and the array is full. How much larger is your new array? How do the contents of your queue look different than before? 3. Assuming your algorithm was used to solve the problem of resizing the array when it's full, what is the amortized running time of the enqueue operation? (You may want to refer back to the Amortized Analysis lecture while you consider this.)Please answer the following, #3. Write clearly please. If postfix math is easy to analyze with a stack, would prefix math like ”/ * + 2 2 8 4” (which equals 8) be easy to analyze with a queue? How would you attempt to analyze this math with a queue? Lay out assumptions and use those in your solution as well.
- I'd really like it if you could give me an example of how the queue system works.How would you explain heaps in general? I mean explain heaps to someone who dont have knowledge about CS.Is it feasible to use a DLL to implement a sorted linked list? What is the advantage of a DLL implementation over a singly linked list? Use a concrete example or application to back up your claim.