Overhead Variances, Two- And Three-Variance Analyses Oerstman, Inc., uses a standard costing system and develops its overhead rates from the current annual budget. The budget is based on an expected annual output of 122,000 units requiring 488,000 direct labor hours. (Practical capacity is 508,000 hours.) Annual budgeted overhead costs total $736,880, of which $541,680 is fixed overhead. A total of 119,500 units using 486,000 direct labor hours were produced during the year. Actual variable overhead costs for the ye were $240,100, and actual fixed overhead costs were $555,900. Required: 1. Compute overhead variances using a two-variance analysis. Budget Variance Volume Variance Volume Variance 22,360 X 11,100 ✓ $ 2. Compute overhead variances using a three-variance analysis. Spending Variance 45,700 X Efficiency Variance Unfavorable 800 X Unfavorable Unfavorable Unfavorable Unfavorable ✓

Overhead Variances, Two- And Three-Variance Analyses Oerstman, Inc., uses a standard costing system and develops its overhead rates from the current annual budget. The budget is based on an expected annual output of 122,000 units requiring 488,000 direct labor hours. (Practical capacity is 508,000 hours.) Annual budgeted overhead costs total $736,880, of which $541,680 is fixed overhead. A total of 119,500 units using 486,000 direct labor hours were produced during the year. Actual variable overhead costs for the ye were $240,100, and actual fixed overhead costs were $555,900. Required: 1. Compute overhead variances using a two-variance analysis. Budget Variance Volume Variance Volume Variance 22,360 X 11,100 ✓ $ 2. Compute overhead variances using a three-variance analysis. Spending Variance 45,700 X Efficiency Variance Unfavorable 800 X Unfavorable Unfavorable Unfavorable Unfavorable ✓

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Description: A4 Overhead Variances, Two- And Three-Variance AnalysesOerstman, Inc., uses a standard costing system and develops its overhead rates from the current annual budget. The budget is based on an expected annualoutput of 122,000 units requiring 488,000 d

Managerial Accounting

15th Edition

ISBN:9781337912020

Author:Carl Warren, Ph.d. Cma William B. Tayler

Publisher:Carl Warren, Ph.d. Cma William B. Tayler

Chapter9: Evaluating Variances From Standard Costs

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3CMA

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The normal capacity of a manufacturing plant is 30,000 direct labor hours or 20,000 units per month. Standard fixed costs are 6,000, and variable costs are 12,000. Data for two months follow: For each month, make a single journal entry to charge overhead to Work in Process, to close Factory Overhead, and to record variances. Indicate the types of variances and state whether each is favorable or unfavorable. (Hint: You must first compute the flexible-budget and production-volume variances.)
At the beginning of the year, Lopez Company had the following standard cost sheet for one of its chemical products: Lopez computes its overhead rates using practical volume, which is 80,000 units. The actual results for the year are as follows: (a) Units produced: 79,600; (b) Direct labor: 158,900 hours at 18.10; (c) FOH: 831,000; and (d) VOH: 112,400. Required: 1. Compute the variable overhead spending and efficiency variances. 2. Compute the fixed overhead spending and volume variances.
USD Inc. has established the following standard cost per unit: Although 10,000 units were budgeted, 12,000 units were produced. The Purchasing department bought 50,000 lb of materials at a cost of $237,500. Actual pounds of materials used were 46,000. Direct labor cost was $287,500 for 25,000 hours worked. Required: Make journal entries to record the materials transactions, assuming that the materials price variance was recorded at the time of purchase. Make journal entries to record the labor variances.
Carlo Lee Corp. has established the following standard cost per unit: Although 10,000 units were budgeted, only 8,800 units were produced. The purchasing department bought 55,000 lb of materials at a cost of $123,750. Actual pounds of materials used were 54,305. Direct labor cost was $186,550 for 18,200 hours worked. Required: Make journal entries to record the materials transactions, assuming that the materials price variance was recorded at the time of purchase. Make journal entries to record the labor variances.
Nashler Company has the following budgeted variable costs per unit produced: Budgeted fixed overhead costs per month include supervision of 98,000, depreciation of 76,000, and other overhead of 245,000. Required: 1. Prepare a flexible budget for all costs of production for the following levels of production: 160,000 units, 170,000 units, and 175,000 units. 2. What is the per-unit total product cost for each of the production levels from Requirement 1? (Round each unit cost to the nearest cent.) 3. What if Nashler Companys cost of maintenance rose to 0.22 per unit? How would that affect the unit product costs calculated in Requirement 2?
Kavallia Company set a standard cost for one item at 328,000; allowable deviation is 14,500. Actual costs for the past six months are as follows: Required: 1. Calculate the variance from standard for each month. Which months should be investigated? 2. What if the company uses a two-part rule for investigating variances? The allowable deviation is the lesser of 4 percent of the standard amount or 14,500. Now which months should be investigated?
Refer to Cornerstone Exercise 8.13. In March, Nashler Company produced 163,200 units and had the following actual costs: Required: 1. Prepare a performance report for Nashler Company comparing actual costs with the flexible budget for actual units produced. 2. What if Nashler Companys actual direct materials cost were 1,175,040? How would that affect the variance for direct materials? The total cost variance?
Direct materials and direct labor variance analysis Lenni Clothing Co. manufactures clothing in a small manufacturing facility. Manufacturing has 25 employees. Each employee presently provides 40 hours of productive labor per week. Information about a production week is as follows: Instructions Determine (A) the standard cost per unit for direct materials and direct labor; (B) the price variance, quantity variance, and total direct materials cost variance; and (C) the rate variance, time variance, and total direct labor cost variance.
Adam Corporation manufactures computer tables and has the following budgeted indirect manufacturing cost information for the next year: If Adam uses the step-down (sequential) method, beginning with the Maintenance Department, to allocate support department costs to production departments, the total overhead (rounded to the nearest dollar) for the Machining Department to allocate to its products would be: a. 407,500. b. 422,750. c. 442,053. d. 445,000.
Standard cost summary; materials and labor cost variances Perkins Processors Inc. produces an average of 10,000 units each month. The factory standards are 20,000 hours of direct labor and 10,000 pounds of materials for this volume. The standard cost of direct labor is 9.00 per hour, and the standard cost of materials is 4.00 per pound. The standard factory overhead at this level of production is 20,000. During the current month the production and cost reports reflected the following information: On the basis of this information: 1. Prepare a standard cost summary. 2. Calculate the materials (use the materials purchase price variance) and labor cost variances, and indicate whether they are favorable or unfavorable, using the formulas on pages 421422 and 424.
Flexible budget for factory overhead Presented below are the monthly factory overhead cost budget (at normal capacity of 5,000 units or 20,000 direct labor hours) and the production and cost data for a month. The predetermined overhead rate is based on normal capacity. Required: 1. Assuming that variable costs will vary in direct proportion to the change in volume, prepare a flexible budget for production levels of 80%, 90%, and 110% of normal capacity. Also determine the predetermined factory overhead rate at each level of volume in both units and direct labor hours. 2. Prepare a flexible budget for production levels of 80%, 90%, and 110%, assuming that variable costs will vary in direct proportion to the change in volume, but with the following exceptions. (Hint: Set up a third category for semi-variable expenses.) a. At 110% of capacity, another supervisor will be needed at a salary of 24,000 annually. b. At 80% of capacity, the repairs expense will drop to one-half of the amount at 100% capacity. c. At 80% of capacity, one part-time maintenance worker, earning 10,000 a year, will be laid off. d. At 110% of capacity, a machine not normally in use and on which no depreciation is normally recorded will be used in production. Its cost was 12,000, it has a 10-year life, and straight-line depreciation will be taken.
Douglas Davis, controller for Marston, Inc., prepared the following budget for manufacturing costs at two different levels of activity for 20X1: During 20X1, Marston worked a total of 80,000 direct labor hours, used 250,000 machine hours, made 32,000 moves, and performed 120 batch inspections. The following actual costs were incurred: Marston applies overhead using rates based on direct labor hours, machine hours, number of moves, and number of batches. The second level of activity (the right column in the preceding table) is the practical level of activity (the available activity for resources acquired in advance of usage) and is used to compute predetermined overhead pool rates. Required: 1. Prepare a performance report for Marstons manufacturing costs in the current year. 2. Assume that one of the products produced by Marston is budgeted to use 10,000 direct labor hours, 15,000 machine hours, and 500 moves and will be produced in five batches. A total of 10,000 units will be produced during the year. Calculate the budgeted unit manufacturing cost. 3. One of Marstons managers said the following: Budgeting at the activity level makes a lot of sense. It really helps us manage costs better. But the previous budget really needs to provide more detailed information. For example, I know that the moving materials activity involves the use of forklifts and operators, and this information is lost when only the total cost of the activity for various levels of output is reported. We have four forklifts, each capable of providing 10,000 moves per year. We lease these forklifts for five years, at 10,000 per year. Furthermore, for our two shifts, we need up to eight operators if we run all four forklifts. Each operator is paid a salary of 30,000 per year. Also, I know that fuel costs about 0.25 per move. Assuming that these are the only three items, expand the detail of the flexible budget for moving materials to reveal the cost of these three resource items for 20,000 moves and 40,000 moves, respectively. Based on these comments, explain how this additional information can help Marston better manage its costs. (Especially consider how activity-based budgeting may provide useful information for non-value-added activities.)