Please Show Work and formulas used in Excel 3. A local college is installing steam pipes on their campus and must decide what insulation to use. If no insulation is used, it has been estimated that the heat loss per foot will be $2.10. If 1-inch thick insulation is used, 70% of the heat loss will be eliminated. If 2-inch thick insulation is used, 84% of the heat loss will be eliminated. The 1-inch thick insulation costs $0.30 per foot to install, and the 2-inch thick insulation costs $0.80 per foot to install. The campus has 230,000 ft of steam pipe on campus, and a MARR=10%. Assume the insulation has a life of 10 years. (a) Calculate the present worth (PW) of all alternatives. (b) Calculate the future worth (FW) of all alternatives. (c) Calculate the annual worth (AW) of all alternatives.
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- In a cold storage plant, it is desired to determine whether to use insulation two inches thick or three inches in insulating the walls of the cold storage warehouse. Heat absorbed through the walls without insulation would cost ₱96.00 per year per square meter. A two-inch insulation will cost ₱30.40 per square meter and will cut out 89% of the loss. A three-inch insulation will cut out 92% of the loss and will cost ₱65.00 per square meter. Using a life of 15 years for the insulation with no salvage value and a minimum attractive return of 8%, what thickness of insulation should be used? USE RATE OF RETURN ON ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT METHODA local university decides to install motion detection light switches in the faculty offices. The cost savings associated with these switches is $1.44 per year for each year of a switch’s 15 year life. This gives a total cost savings of $21.60 per switch. The purchase cost of each light switch was $20. What should the university keep in mind about this decision to install motion-detection light switches in the faculty offices?Zoysia University must purchase mowers for its landscape department. The university can buy six EVF mowers that cost $7,600 each and have annual, year-end maintenance costs of $1,725 per mower. The EVF mowers will be replaced at the end of Year 4 and have no value at that time. Alternatively, Zoysia can buy eight AEH mowers to accomplish the same work. The AEH mowers will be replaced after seven years. They each cost $6,600 and have annual, year-end maintenance costs of $1,725 per mower. Each AEH mower will have a resale value of $800 at the end of seven years. The university’s opportunity cost of funds for this type of investment is 9 percent. Because the university is a nonprofit institution, it does not pay taxes. It is anticipated that whichever manufacturer is chosen now will be the supplier of future mowers. What is the EAC of each type of mower? (Your answers should be a negative value and indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers…
- Zoysia University must purchase mowers for its landscape department. The university can buy eight EVF mowers that cost $7,700 each and have annual, year-end maintenance costs of $1,635 per mower. The EVF mowers will be replaced at the end of Year 4 and have no value at that time. Alternatively, Zoysia can buy ten AEH mowers to accomplish the same work. The AEH mowers will be replaced after eight years. They each cost $6,700 and have annual, year-end maintenance costs of $1,925 per mower. Each AEH mower will have a resale value of $700 at the end of eight years. The university’s opportunity cost of funds for this type of investment is 8 percent. Because the university is a nonprofit institution, it does not pay taxes. It is anticipated that whichever manufacturer is chosen now will be the supplier of future mowers. What is the EAC of each type of mower? Note: Your answers should be a negative value and indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your…Zoysia University must purchase mowers for its landscape department. The university can buy five EVF mowers that cost $8,500 each and have annual, year-end maintenance costs of $1,850 per mower. The EVF mowers will be replaced at the end of Year 5 and have no value at that time. Alternatively, Zoysia can buy seven AEH mowers to accomplish the same work. The AEH mowers will be replaced after seven years. They each cost $7,500 and have annual, year-end maintenance costs of $1,925 per mower. Each AEH mower will have a resale value of $700 at the end of seven years. The university’s opportunity cost of funds for this type of investment is 9 percent. Because the university is a nonprofit institution, it does not pay taxes. It is anticipated that whichever manufacturer is chosen now will be the supplier of future mowers. What is the EAC of each type of mower?The Highridge Water District needs an additional supply of water from Steep Creek. The engineer has selected two plans for comparison: Gravity plan: Divert water at a point 10 miles up Steep Creek and carry it through a pipeline by gravity. Pumping plan: Divert water at a point near the district and pump it through 2 miles of pipeline. The pumping plant can be built in two stages: half now and half 10 years later Annual benefits are $190,00 for both plans. Use a 35-year analysis period and 6% interest. Salvage values can be ignored. Use the conventional benefit–cost ratio method to select the more economical plan.
- 3. Useful lives are equal to the study period At the Motorola plant in Mesa, Arizona, it is desired to determine whether oneinch-thick insulation or two-inch-thick insulation should be used to reduce heat loss from a long section of steam pipe. The heat loss from this pipe without any insulation would cost $2.00 per linear foot per year. The one-inch insulation will eliminate 88% of the heat loss and will cost $0.60 per foot. Two-inch insulation will eliminate 92% of the heat loss and will cost $1.10 per foot. The steam pipe is 1,000 feet in length and will last for10 years. MARR = 6% per year. Which insulation thickness should be recommended?Installing low thermal emissivity windows (low-e windows) on buildings can contribute to energy conservation. Installing low-e windows on a school building is estimated to cost $10,000. The windows are expected to last 6 years and have no salvage value at that time. The energy savings from the windows are expected to be $2,525 in the 1st year. After the 1st year, the savings are expected to increase by $125 each year due to escalating fossil fuel costs. MARR is 15% per year and annual worth is the preferred measure of economic worth. Which Excel® entry should you use to determine the annual worth of installing the low-e windows? -NPV (15 %,6,10000)+NPV( 15%,6,- NPV ( 15%,2525,25252525,2525,25252525)) O-PMT( 15%,6,10000) + PMT( 15 %,6,- NPV ( 15%, 0,125,2 125,3 125,4 125,5*125))+2525 O-PMT(15,6,10000)+PMT(15,6,PMT(15,0,125,2 125,3 125,4*125,5*125))+2525 -PMT(15%.6.10000)+PMT (15% , 6 , NPV ( 15%, 2525,2 2525,2525,2525,2525))NYU currently purchases a basic anti-virus computer package that protects university computers used by administrative staff and faculty. This basic service costs the university $7,000 annually, with no additional costs for any individual user. NYU could upgrade its computer protection services, purchasing a slightly enhanced product, Basic plus Bells, for an annual cost of $10,000 or the premium service, Basic plus Bells and Whistles, for an annual cost of $12,000. The table below provides information on how the two affected groups value these options (in total). Costs: Benefits: Staff Faculty Basic $7,000 $3,500 $5,000 Basic + Bells $10,000 $5,000 $7,000 Basic + Bells & Whistles $12,000 $7,000 $7,750 A. Which upgrade, if either, should NYU purchase? Upgrade level: Explain, using evidence from the table:
- Your first job as an engineer is to purchase a new rotary vacuum-drum filter with a capacity of 1100 ft-. Your company purchased a similar filter eight years ago with a capacity of 700 ft- for $26,000. After checking the literature, you determine the cost index was 429 eight years ago and is 548 today. If the power-sizing exponent for this type of equipment is 0.52, estimate the cost of the new filter.A local sanitation authority needs to purchase a new garbage truck. The authority has two truck models under consideration. The purchase price for Model A is $90, 000. The maintenance and operation costs are $10,000/year. Model B is less expensive to acquire ($60,000 at purchase), but costs more on operation and maintenance. Details of the costs are shown in the table below. Interest rate is 4%. Please help this authority to decide which truck they should purchase. Year Model A Truck Model B Truck Purchase Price (beginning of year) $90,000 $60,000 Annual Operation and Maintenance (end of year) 1 $10,000 $20,000 2 $10,000 $20,000 3 $10,000 $20,000 4 $10,000 $20,000 Calculate the present values of total costs for Model A Truck and Model B Truck, respectively. (Interest rate: 4%) (2’) Present value of Model A Truck total costs: Present value of Model B Truck total costs: Which truck model should this authority choose? Why? (1’)A local sanitation authority needs to purchase a new garbage truck. The authority has two truck models under consideration. The purchase price for Model A is $90, 000. The maintenance and operation costs are $10,000/year. Model B is less expensive to acquire ($60,000 at purchase), but costs more on operation and maintenance. Details of the costs are shown in the table below. Interest rate is 4%. Please help this authority to decide which truck they should purchase. Year Model A Truck Model B Truck Purchase Price (beginning of year) $90,000 $60,000 Annual Operation and Maintenance (end of year) 1 $10,000 $20,000 2 $10,000 $20,000 3 $10,000 $20,000 4 $10,000 $20,000 The authority charges garbage collection fees from local residents. The estimated fee collection is $38,000 per year. Compare the present value of total costs of the truck model you choose and the present value of total revenues. Calculate the present value of total…