Polypeptides are continuously synthesized and broken down within living systems. One of these processes is shown in the figure below. +~N~ H 1~N~1-0 A polypeptide reaction IHII H A с H₂O- HI NE-C-OH H Which of the following provides the best description of the reaction shown in the figure? a polypeptide chain that folds to form the tertiary structure a polypeptide chain that is denatured into the primary structure I a chain of amino acids linked by dehydration synthesis D a polypeptide chain that is broken down through a hydrolysis reaction C-OH !! C-OH 0
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- A nonapeptide was treated with dithiothreitol to reduce any disulfide bridges, then partially hydrolyzed, giving rise to the following fragments. What was the sequence of the original polypeptide? Phe-Gln-Asn Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2 Cys-Tyr-Phe Asn-Cys-Pro-Arg Tyr-Phe-Gln-Asn O Cys-Tyr-Phe-GIn-Asn-Cys-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2 O H2N-Gly-Arg-Pro-Cys-Asn-Gln-Phe-Tyr-Cys O Gly-Arg-Pro-Cys-Tyr-Phe-Gln-Asn-Cys-NH2 Cys-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2-Cys-Tyr-Phe-Gln-Asn O None of these are correct.In the following scheme: HH, H₂C-C-C-Coo II HO H • NH, 1 H₂C-C-C-C000 H 2-Amino-3-ketobutyrate ↓ O H,C-C-CH₂-NH₂ Aminoacetone 0 0 H₂C-C-C-H Methylglyoxal H H₂C-C-COO OH D-Lactate O H₂C-C-C000 Pyruvate What molecule is being metabolized? Identify the reaction at each step. If it is an oxidation-reduction prove this is correct by showing oxidation state changes on the atoms in the structure.Consider the positively charged amino acid lysine Lys2+ 21 COOH I H&N-C-H I pH 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 CH₂ I CH₂ I CH₂ I CH₂ T NH₂+ 0 Nelson p85 2.18 = 2.18 PK₁ Lys+ COO™ I H₂N-C-H H₂N-C-H ī I -----) 8.95 Lysº 8.95 pK₂ pka carboxyl = 2.19 pkaamino = 9.67 pka sidechain = 4.25 COO™ I CH₂ I CH₂ I CH₂ I CH₂ I NH₂¹ 1.0 2.0 Equivalents of OH added- COO™ I H₂N-C-H I 10.79 1 10.79 pk Isoelectric point Lys CH₂2 I CH₂ I CH₂ I CH₂ T NH₂ 3.0 +H3N NH3+ T CH₂ T CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ -COO™ H Lysine (Lys, K) Physiological pH = 7.4 < pl → Amino acid is positively charged at physiological pH 1. Consider glutamate in its fully protonated form (e.g. in a pH = 1 solution) 1) Draw all the forms of glutamate at various pH 2) Calculate the pl of this amino acid 3) Sketch a titration curve showing pH as a function of added [OH-] and locate the predominant forms of histidine in the curve STEPS: 1. Find the H atoms that can be removed on the molecule 2. Associated a pka value to each removable H. 3. Draw the Aa structure at:…
- Which of the following is an anomer of B-D-gulopyranose? O O го ОН H ОН H ОН H H ОН CH₂OH -II- H H ОН ОН CH2OH H ОН ОН CH2OH О 0. H CH2OH то Н H H ОН H H - о H ОН ОН H ОН H ОН ОН H О ОН ОН H NMany antibiotics alter the rate of reaction for enzymes that produce and then cross-link the strands of this polymer together. The image below shows the structure of one antibiotic called penicillin as compared to the portion of the peptidoglycan that undergoes cross linkage. Condon A HS. CH CH CH N-CH cooo Cand cooo wDAla-D-Ala [S] 2. Using the graph above, which condition do you predict was the penicillin condition? 3. Explain how penicillin effects the enzyme. 4. Why it is important to take the full dosage of antibiotics. Briefly explain 5. Is peptidoglycan still being produced in the portion of the graph marked by the circle in condition B?9. At pH ___, the pentapeptide Ala-Glu-His-Val-Cys would contain two positively charged groups and one negatively charged group. a) 9 b) 3 c) 7 d) 1 e) 5
- Put the following anions in order from most nucleophillic to least nucleophillic: Br- I- F- Cl-The alkaline hydrolysis of pAUGCAGC oligonucleotide produces: O A. Uridine 2'-monophosphate, uridine 3'-monophosphate, cytosine 2'-monophosphate O B. Adenosine 2'-monophosphate, adenosine 3'-monophosphate, adenosine 21,5'-bisphosphate OC. Guanosine 2'-monophosphate, guanosine 3'-monophosphate, cytosine 3'-monophosphate O D. Cytidine 3'-monophosphate, guanosine 2'-monophosphate, adenine 2'-monophosphate O E. Adenine 3,5'-bisphosphate, guanine 2,5'-bisphosphate, uridine 2'-monophosphate O F. Uridine 2'-monophosphate, uridine 3'-monophosphate, guanine 3'-monophosphateCopy of The following reaction scheme shows the states of the amino acid hisitdine. Histidine has three pKa's - 2, 6 and 9.2. Which form of Histidine predominates at pH of 5? *H3N-CH-Ĉ-OH CH2 *H3N-CH-C–O- CH2 "H3N-CH-C-O- CH2 H2N-CH-C–O- CH2 +HN *HN N' -NH -NH -NH NH A C O A. A ОВ. В OC.C O D.D O E. The answer cannot be determined with information given.
- Which of the following statements is correct regarding the structures below? CHO CHO CHO -Н НО H НО н- ОН -Н - ОН CH2OH CAB All are structures of D-sugars. All are structures of ketohexoses. Only CAR is a monosaccharide. O Only CAP is a L-sugar. -ОН -ОН H-OH H-OH H- ОН CH₂OH CAR но-н H-OH н НО т н-он CH₂OH CAP CH₂OH Fo НО-Н H НО-Н H он CH₂OH CATConsider the structure of the tripeptide below. H O 11 H₂N-C-C-N-C-c- CH₂ CH₂ C=0 NH₂ pH 5: Z-I pH 10: H HN H O 11 CH₂ NH HIC- I-Z 0=6 -N-C-C-OH 1. What is the sequence of the tripeptide? (use the one-letter symbol, do not put dash or space in between symbols) 2. What is the net charge of the dominant structure of the tripeptide at the given pH values? The pK, values of the amino acids are given in Table 1. CH-OH T CH3 Table 1. pk, values of the standard amino acids.What is the function of this macromolecule? c-c- C-č-c-c-CC-C-C-H H H H H H HH H H c-c- C-C-C-c-c-c-c-c-H HH H HHH H H H Cc-c-c-c-c-c-c-c-c-c-H H H H H HH H H H H-C-o HH H H H H H-C-o H H H HH H H O A. heredity B. plant cell wall structure O C. quick energy O D. insulation