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Propose structures for molecules that meet the following descriptions:
Contains two sp2 hybridized carbons and two sp3 hybridized carbons.
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- (a)The concept of hybridization was first proposed by Linus Pauling in 1931, that explain about the concept of mixing orbitals to form new hybrid orbital suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds. Draw the kekule structure of a compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms that has: (1) One sp hybridize carbon, two sp? hybridized carbons and two sp hybridized carbon (ii) Two sp' hybridized carbon and two sp hybridized carbons (ii) Two sp? hybidized carbons and two sp hybydized carbonPropose a structure for a hydrocarbon that contains a total of four carbon atoms, two being sp2 hybridized and two sp hybridized.Analyze the CNMR and HNMR data attached in order to propose a structure with the molecular formula C8H8O2
- The “free-base” form of cocaine (C17H21NO4) and its protonatedhydrochloride form (C17H22ClNO4) are shownbelow; the free-base form can be converted to the hydrochlorideform with one equivalent of HCl. For clarity, notall the carbon and hydrogen atoms are shown; each vertexrepresents a carbon atom with the appropriate number ofhydrogen atoms so that each carbon makes four bonds toother atoms.(a) One of these forms of cocaine is relatively water-soluble:which form, the free base or the hydrochloride?(b) One of these forms of cocaine is relatively insoluble inwater: which form, the free base or the hydrochloride? (c) The free-base form of cocaine has a solubility of 1.00 g in6.70 mL ethanol (CH3CH2OH). Calculate the molarityof a saturated solution of the free-base form of cocaine inethanol.(d) The hydrochloride form of cocaine has a solubility of1.00 g in 0.400 mL water. Calculate the molarity of a saturatedsolution of the hydrochloride form of cocaine inwater.(e) How many mL of a…Compare Structure I below with Structures A, B, and C and match each structure with the correct relationship they have with Structure I.Compare the bonding in formic acid (HCOOH) with that in its conjugate base formate ion (HCOO). Each molecule has a central carbon atom bonded to the two oxygen atoms and to a hydrogen atom. Draw Lewis diagrams, determine the steric numbers and hybridization of the central carbon atom, and give the molecular geometries. How do the orbitals differ in formic acid and the formate molecular ion? The bond lengths of the CO bonds in HCOOH are 1.23 (for the bond to the lone oxygen) and 1.36 (for the bond to the oxygen with a hydrogen atom attached). In what range of lengths do you predict the CO bond length in the formate ion to lie?
- Answer the following question for 1,3,5- hexatriene, the conjugated triene containing six carbons. Which MOs are the frontier molecular orbitals?The unsaturation number or degree of unsaturation (U) can be used to determine the number of rings and multiple bonds in a compound from its molecular formula. Given a structure, you can determine the number of hydrogens without having to count them explicitly. Consider three compounds and their degree of unsaturation. (a) A compound A has the molecular formula C7H13ClN2OC7H13ClN2O. How many rings and/or π bonds does it contain?The calicene molecule has a different dipolar moment of 0 and also thedipole points to the larger ring. Draw a structure resonance where you can see that distribution of loads and using the concept of aromaticity and resonance structures, explain why the moment dipolarit's different from zero
- Amines are like ammonia in being weak bases. They do this by using their unshared electron pair to accept a proton. (a.) Show the reaction that would take place between trimethyl amine and HCl. (b)What hybridization state would you expect for the nitrogen atom in the product of this reaction?In a tabular format, enumerate 5 molecules where the following atoms are found in: O (sp3-hybridized) Oxygen (sp2-hybridized) Nitrogen (sp2-hybridized) Carbon (sp2-hybridized)Draw a structure of oxindole, with an aromatic ring. Make sure the diagram contains sp3 carbon atom, sp2 carbon atoms, and sp hybridised carbon atoms. The structure should also include a sp2 hybridised heteroatom and a hybridised sp3.