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Provide a brief explanation for regulation of mobile-source pollution is neither focused exclusively onproducers or exclusively on consumers.
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- Economists sometimes shock noneconomists by stating that they do not favor the complete elimination of pollution. Explain the rationale for this position.The table below shows the demand for pollution permits to emit hydrocarbons in a particular industrial park. Each permit allows the owner to release one tonne of pollutants into the atmosphere. Price per Pollution Permit Quantity of Permits $4,500 100 4,000 200 3,500 300 3,000 400 2,500 500 2,000 600 1,500 700 were charged, how many tonnes of pollutants would be discharged into the atmosphere, assuming a straight-line a. If fee for a pollution perm demand curve? Quantity: tonnes b. Suppose government were to set a fee of $2,500 per pollution permit. How many tonnes of pollutants would now be dumped? What is the total revenue received by government? Quantity: tonnes Total revenue: $ c. Suppose that a new technology allows for a significant reduction in hydrocarbons at a relatively low cost so that the demand for pollution permits in the industrial park drops by 200 tonnes. Assuming that government holds the permit fee at $2,500, how many tonnes of pollutants would now be dumped? What…The figure below shows the marginal benefit (demand) of polluting for two firms: Alpha and Beta. Before the introduction of a pollution tax, pollution is free, that is, MC = $0 per ton of emissions. Marginal Benefit (MB) to Firm Tax = $100 0 MB BETA MBALPHA 25 50 75 100 Emissions (tons) The government decides to impose a tax on pollution of $100 per ton of emissions. That is, the per-unit the tax is the marginal cost of polluting. Which of the follow are true? (Select all that are true.) a. As a result of the tax, the total emissions will decrease by 50 units b. The tax was intended to decrease production by 50 units for each firm. c. As a result of the tax, both firms will decrease emissions by the same amount d. After the tax is imposed, Firm Beta will emit 50 tons more pollution than Firm Alpha e. Before the tax is imposed, Firm Beta emitted more pollution than Firm Alpha f. As a result of the tax, total emissions from the two firms will be cut in half g. The amount of tax collected…
- The primary source of air pollution in the small town of Smokey, Nevada is a nearby steel mill. The local environmental agency has decided that the mill needs to reduce its emissions because the town's population is located directly downwind from it. Currently the agency is considering three different approaches to reducing pollution from the mill: a technology standard, an emission standard and an emission tax. Why might the owner of the mill prefer an emission standard to a technology standard that would produce the same level of emissions? a Because with emission standards the polluter is more flexible in selecting the technology that will minimize her abatement cost Ob. Because polluters usually try to stick to their existing technology O C. Because it has been proven to be easier to implement O d. Because polluters, as all producers are suspicious about new technologiesFirms in a polluting industry can be classified in two groups: newer Örms with a cleaner technology that can abate pollution at a lower marginal cost M CLA L = (1/2) aL and older Örms with dirtier M CAH = aH , where ai is the level of abatement undertaken by firms of type i = L,H. The social marginal benefit of abating pollution from this particular industry is MBA = 120 - A, where A is the aggregate level of abatement in that industry: (a) To design an efficient emissions standard, the government needs to determine which is the efficient abatement allocation (aL; aH ). In order to do this, obtain a cost e§ective abatement allocation (aL;aH) that provides an aggregate abatement level A = a*L , a*H and then proceed to determine the efficient level A * (Hint: You should obtain that MCA = A/3).Explain why cost-effective pollution abatement is not necessarily equitable in 2-3 sentences.
- Which of the following is true of an unregulated market for barbecue if its production creates external costs? it creates a positive externality for vegetarians and animal lovers output exceeds the socially optimal level O SMC EMC O it produces the optimal quantity of barbecueHow market equilibrium is found with Pollution Abatement Subsidy?Firms in a polluting industry can be classified in two groups: newer firms with a cleaner technology that can abate pollution at a lower marginal cost M CLA L = (1/2) aL and older firms with dirtier M CAH = aH , where ai is the level of abatement undertaken by firms of type i = L,H. The social marginal benefit of abating pollution from this particular industry is MBA = 120 - A, where A is the aggregate level of abatement in that industry: 1. What Pigouvian tax t will implement the efficient allocation (aL; aH )? Is the resulting allocation an efficient allocation? What is the government’s tax revenue? 2. Suppose that in order to avoid the costly obtention of disaggregate information about individual firms cost, the government just implements a uniform standard aui = A*/2. Is this allocation efficient? If not, what is the deadweight loss? 3. Suppose instead that the government uniformly allocates tradable emission’s permits. What abatement allocation will prevail after the…
- Firms in a polluting industry can be classified in two groups: newer firms with a cleaner technology that can abate pollution at a lower marginal cost M CLA L = (1/2) aL and older firms with dirtier M CAH = aH , where ai is the level of abatement undertaken by firms of type i = L,H. The social marginal benefit of abating pollution from this particular industry is MBA = 120 - A, where A is the aggregate level of abatement in that industry: 1. What Pigouvian tax t will implement the efficient allocation (aL; aH )? Is the resulting allocation an efficient allocation? What is the government’s tax revenue? 2. Suppose that in order to avoid the costly obtention of disaggregate information about individual firms cost, the government just implements a uniform standard aui = A*/2. Is this allocation efficient? If not, what is the deadweight loss?Firms in a polluting industry can be classified in two groups: newer firms with a cleaner technology that can abate pollution at a lower marginal cost M CLA L = (1/2) aL and older Örms with dirtier M CAH = aH , where ai is the level of abatement undertaken by firms of type i = L,H. The social marginal benefit of abating pollution from this particular industry is MBA = 120 - A, where A is the aggregate level of abatement in that industry: (a) To design an efficient emissions standard, the government needs to determine which is the efficient abatement allocation (aL; aH ). In order to do this, obtain a cost e§ective abatement allocation (aL;aH) that provides an aggregate abatement level A = a*L , a*H and then proceed to determine the efficient level A * (Hint: You should obtain that MCA = A/3).Assume integer quantities. The firm is a monopoly. The table below shows the demand schedule it faces, as well as its marginal cost of production. The production of the good creates a marginal external benefit equal to $19. 1 3 5 MWTP $35 $29 $24 $18 $11 $6 $1 MC $2.50 $3.50 $6.50 $8.50 $13.50 If the monopoly engages in perfect first-degree price discrimination, what is the marginal $10.50 $12.50 revenue of unit number 2? Round to two decimal places and do not enter the currency symbol. If your answer is $1.125, enter 1.13.