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- Consider a binary solution for which the vapor pressure (in torr) of one of the components (say component 1) is given empirically by Calculate the activity and the activity coefficient of component 1 when x1 = 0.25 based on (a) a solvent standard state; (b) a solute standard state.Given that p*(H2O)=0.02308 atm and p(H2O)=0.02238 atm in a solution in which 0.122 kg of a nonvolatile solute (M=241 g/mol) is dissolved in 0.920 kg of water at 293 K, calculate the activity and activity coefficient of water in the solution.The mean activity coefficient of a 0.010 m H2SO4 solution is 0.544. What is its mean activity?
- Determine the activity coefficients and effective concentrations (activities) of Na+ and Ca2+ ions in an aqueous solution having the following composition: [Ca2+] = 3.25x 10-3 M; [Na+] = 0.96x 10-3 M; [HCO3-] = 5.75x 10-3 M; [SO42-] = 0.89x 10-3 M. (Note: Solvated ionic radii are: a(HCO3-) = a(SO42-) = 4 Å; a(Ca+) = 6 Å)The excess Gibbs energy of solutions of methylcyclohexane (MCH) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 303.15 K were found to fit the expressionGE = RTx(1 − x){0.4857 − 0.1077(2x − 1) + 0.0191(2x − 1)2}where x is the mole fraction of MCH. Calculate the Gibbs energy of mixing when a mixture of 1.00 mol MCH and 3.00 mol THF is prepared.Estimate the mean ionic activity coefficient and activity of a solution that is 0.015 mol kg-1 MgF2(aq) and 0.025 mol kg-1 NaCI(aq).
- Use the Debye-Hückel equation to calculate the activity coefficient of each ion at the given ionic strength in an aqueous solution at 25 °C. Pb2+ in a solution where μ = 0.0611 M YPb²+ = PO3 in a solution where μ = 0.0483 M YPO x10 TOOLS Ion Pb²+ Mg2+ Zn²+ Cro Cr³+ PO Zr¹+ Ce4+ Ion size (a, nm) 0.450 0.800 0.600 0.400 0.900 0.400 1.100 1.100The experimental values of the partial molar volume of a salt in water are found to fit the expression vB = 5.117 + 19.121x1/2, where vB = VB/(cm3 mol−1) and x is the numerical value of the molality of B (x = b/b⦵). Use the Gibbs–Duhem equation to derive an equation for the molar volume of water in the solution. The molar volume of pure water at the same temperature is 18.079 cm3 mol−1.Given that p*(H2O) = 0.023 08 atm and p(H2O) = 0.022 39 atm in a solution in which 0.122 kg of a non-volatile solute (M = 241 g mol−1) is dissolved in 0.920 kg water at 293 K, calculate the activity and activity coefficient of water in the solution.
- At 39.9 ◦C, a mixture of ethanol (x1 = 0.9060, p1 = 130.4 Torr) and isooctane ( p2 = 43.9 Torr) forms a vapor phase with molar fraction y1 = 0.6667 at a total pressure of 185.9 Torr. (a) Calculate the activity and activity coefficient of each component. (b) Calculate the total vapor pressure that the mixture would have if it were ideal.Assuming the Debye Huckel Limiting Law applies, At 25°C, estimate the mean activity coefficient, of 2.43 x 10 m aqueous solution of Ca(POA: in 4 decimal places.= The vapor pressure of component A'is 300.3 torr, and that of component B is 70 torr at 35 °C. A Solution of A and B at 35 °C with x = 0.300 has a vapor pressure of 70.3 torr and a vapor composition of x = 0.275. (i) Calculate yand a, for component A and for component B in this solution. %3D -tin. (ii) Calculate u - Hi for each component of this solution. (iii) Calculate AG for the mixing of 0.200 mole of liquid component B and 0.800 mole of liquid chloroform at 35 "c. (iv) Calculate AGmix for the corresponding ideal solution.