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- The figure below shows the one-line diagram of a four- bus power system. The voltages, the scheduled real power and reactive powers, and the reactances of transmission lines are marked at this one line diagram (The voltages and reactances are in PU referred to 100 MW base. The active power P2 in MW is the last three digits (from right) of your registration number (i.e for the student that has a registration number 202112396, P2 =396). [10] Starting from an estimated voltage at bus 2, bus 3, and bus 4 equals V2 (0) = 1.15<0°, V3 = 1.15 < 0°, V4 1.1< 0°. 1- Specify the type of each bus and known & unknown quantities at each bus. 2- Find the elements of the second row of the admittance matrix (i.e. [Y21 Y22 Y23 Y24]). 3- Using Gauss-Siedal fınd the voltage at bus 2 after the first iteration. 4- Using Newton-Raphson, calculate: |- The value of real power (P2), at bus 2 after the first iteration. Il- The second element in the first row of the Jacobian matrix after the first iteration. 2 P2…A DC Optimal Power Flow problem is to be solved for a 3-bus network. The per-unit reactances of the lines interconnecting the buses are as follows: X12 = 0.1pu, X13 = 0.12 pu and X23 = 0.2 pu. There is a generator at each bus. The loads at buses 1, 2 and 3 are 150MW, 200mw, and 100MWrespectively. Bus 1 is taken as the reference bus, and SBase = 100 MVA. Which one of the below is a constraint of the DCOPF problem? Select one: O a. None of these O b. -500 0₂-1000 03 = P3 - 110 O c. 1500 0₂-500 03 = P₂ - 220 O d. 1500 0₂-500 03 = P₂ - 200 O e. -500 0₂-1000 03 = P3 - 150 O f. -1500 8₁-1000 03 = P₁ - 150A DC Optimal Power Flow problem is to be solved for a 3-bus network. The per-unit reactances of the lines interconnecting the buses are as follows: X12 = 0.25 pu, X13 = 0.15 pu and X23 = 0.2 pu. There is a generator at each bus. The loads at buses 1, 2 and 3 are 125 MW, 300 MW and 100 MW respectively. Bus 1 is taken as the reference bus, and SBase = 100 MVA. Which one of the below is NOT a constraint of the DCOPF problem? Select one: O a. -400 02 - 666.67 03 = P, - 125 O b. None of these C. -500 02 - 1166.67 03 = P3 - 100 d. 900 02 - 500 03 = P2 - 300
- 1. FIGURE 52 shows the one-line diagram of a simple three-bus power system with generation at bus I. The voltage at bus l is V1 = 1.0L0° per unit. The scheduled loads on buses 2 and 3 are marked on the diagram. Line impedances are marked in per unit on a 100 MVA base. For the purpose of hand calculations, line resistances and line charging susceptances are neglected a) Using Gauss-Seidel method and initial estimates of Va 0)-1.0+)0 and V o)- ( 1.0 +j0, determine V2 and V3. Perform two iterations (b) If after several iterations the bus voltages converge to V20.90-j0.10 pu 0.95-70.05 pu determine the line flows and line losses and the slack bus real and reactive power. 2 400 MW 320 Mvar Slack 0.0125 0.05 300 MW 270 Mvar FIGURE 52A Moving to another question will save this response. Question 4 In case of N-R method of power flow solution at the generator bus one column and one row will be neglected because of Constant voltage,Unspecified active power Constant voltage,Unspecified reactive power Constant voltage angle,Unspecified real power Constant voltage angle,Unspecified reactive power A Moving to another question will save this response.What are the poles according to their duties? What is a camper? What are the protection duties of surge arresters? to the linesWhat are the related concepts? What are the types of losses in diaelectric? In the detection of partial dischargesWhat are the non-destructive control methods? explain in detail
- Please write down the formulation of the DCOPF problem for the 4-bus system provided in the first figure. I have provided an example of the formulation in Figure 2. Hope that helpsA network consisting of a set of generator and load buses is to be modeled with a DC power flow, for the sake of conducting a contingency analysis. The initial flows calculated with the DC power flow give the following information: f°2-4 = - 65.3 MW and fº4-5 = 13.6 MW. The following values of LODF and PTDF factors are given: PTDF54,2-4 = -0.2609, LODF2-4,4-5 = -0.6087. Calculate the contingency flow on line 2-4 due to outage of line 4-5. Select one: O a. -75.5MW O b. None of these O c. -68.85MW O d. -73.58MW O e. 75.5MW O f. -61.75MWWhat happens if a new pi equivalent circuit given the busbar admintas matrix and reactance and susceptance values given in the figure between busbars 1 and 3 in a 3 bus power system is connected.
- Transmission and distribution lines are important components of any power system study. Aluminium cable steel reinforced (ACSR) (with steel in the centre – as shown in Figure Q1 is normally chosen instead of copper for transmission Explain: (a)The choice of aluminium instead of copper (b)The need to use and place steel at the coreFollowing figure shows the one-line diagram of a two bus system. Take bus 1 as slack bus, bus 2 as load (PQ) bus. Neglect the shunt charging admittance. Obtain the bus admittance matrixYBUs and find V₂ and 62, power flows and line losses using FDLF method. All the values are given in per unit on 100MVA base. Use a tolerance of 0.001 for power mismatch. 1 Z12= 0.12+10.16 Slack bus V₁ 1.0/0⁰ pu 2 PL2=1.0pu Q12=0.5puThe single line diagram of a power system is shown in Figure Q2.1 including generator and transformer winding connection and earthing details. The parameters for this system have been calculated on a common 100 MVA base and are given in Table Q2.1. All resistances and shunt susceptances are neglected. This system experiences a single line to ground fault at a point F on line L1. The point F is at a distance d from Bus 4 along the line L1. The total length ?? of the line L1 is 50 km. Note that the location of ?? is not drawn to scale in Figure Q2.1. The fault current at the fault point F is measured to be 6.106 kA. i) Determine the zero, positive, and negative sequence Thevenin equivalent impedances as seen at the fault point F. These should be evaluated in per unit and shown as a function of d.ii) Use the sequence impedances calculated in part (i) to determine the distance d of the fault (in km) from Bus 4.