Rank from left to right the compound with the most reactive chemical linkage: peptide bond, ester, ether, acid anhydride, aminoacyl-TRNA
Q: triphosphates (dNTPs) or nucleoside triphosphates (NTPS).
A: Viruses are not capable of translating the proteins, thus they are dependent on host machinery for…
Q: . Define the term side chain in the context of amino acid or protein structure.
A: Sidechains are the shapes that stick out from the backbone of a protein. Some sidechains have only…
Q: Amphipathic molecules mean that they have both :polar and nonpolar parts, for example
A: An amphipathic molecule could be a molecule that has polar and non-polar elements.
Q: H,Ñ-CH-C–NH-CH-C-NH-CH-C-0 CH, CH-CH; СНОН CH, ČH; ČH;
A: The given peptide is composed of three amino acids; it can also be called tripeptide. The sequence…
Q: Which of the following does NOT contain a polar, uncharged R group? glutamine serine threonine…
A: Amino acids These are the builiding blocks of proteins. These are divided into three groups on the…
Q: Which amino acid from the following list best fits the alpha helix? lysine alanine glycine serine
A: When linear chain of amino acids folds to form recurring structural patterns, it forms secondary…
Q: The peptide segment shown below is part of a right-handed alpha helix. Please indicate the hydrogen-…
A: Peptide bond is formed between two amino acids. Polymerisation of amino acids via peptide bond…
Q: Identify the amino acid shown below. (Note: single letter code is provided as answer) H,N-C-COOH CH2…
A: Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. The building blocks of living organisms are amino…
Q: Modify the amino acid by adding or removing atoms or bonds and by adding charges where appropriate.…
A: Note : Hi ! Thank you for the question. We are authorized to answer one question at a time. Since…
Q: The base sequence (from 5' to 3') of the molecule indicated above is 5' 3. {indicate using single…
A: A nucleotide is formed by nitrogenous base, sugar and phosphate. Sugar binds with nitrogenous base…
Q: Refer to the following table below to answer the succeeding questions: Amino acid pK, pK2 pK3…
A: The charge on the amino acid depends on the pKa value of the ionizing groups in the amino acid. The…
Q: The peptide segment shown below is part of a right-handed alpha helix. Please indicate the…
A: Alpha helixes are regular secondary structures. The hydrogen bonding pattern of an alpha helix is,…
Q: Which one of the following answer choices shows the correct pairing of complementary nitrogenous…
A: DNA is a double helical molecule made up of two strands coiled around each other. Each strand of…
Q: Which of these is NOT made from glutamate semialdehyde A) proline B) lysine C) ornithine D)…
A: Introduction Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. The building blocks of life are amino…
Q: One of the following amino acids are doesn't found in alph-helical structure Aspartic acid Histidine
A: Secondary structure of protein is made up of alpha helix and beta pleated sheets . Alpha helix is…
Q: The amino acid structure of a polypeptide chain determines its structure. * secondary quaternary…
A: 1° structure- Primary structure 2° structure- Secondary structure 3° structure- Tertiary structure…
Q: True or False The sugar-phosphate backbone is located on the outside of the molecule with the 2 sets…
A: The nucleotide polymer that are responsible for determining and regulating genetic characteristics…
Q: Classify the following functions or structures as being attributed to proteins, RNA, or RNA-protein…
A: A. Proteins - Poly A polymerase Release factors (RF1 and RF2) Formation (catalysis) of peptide…
Q: The amino acid that does not contain a cyclic ring. a. proline b. threonine c. tyrosine
A: All proteins or peptides present in the cell are composed of twenty standard amino acids. Each amino…
Q: Identify the amino acid shown below. (Note: single letter code is provided as answer) H. H,N-C-COOH…
A: Amino acids are chemical molecules that combine to produce proteins and are hence known as building…
Q: H₂N H H₂C 0 a. Peptide bonds b. N terminal (name) C. C terminal (name) OH
A: Proteins are composed of amino acids. They are linked together by peptide linkages. Proteins have…
Q: Yhich amino acid is considered to be hydrophilic? a. Methionine b. Alanine c. Glycine d. Threonine
A: Hydrophilic amino acids are those acids which are highly stable when present in water. They are…
Q: The side chain of arginine contains a— hydroxyl group. carboxyl group. ether…
A: Arginine which is also denoted by Arg or R is a semi-essential amino acid which is used during…
Q: Refer to the accompanying figure to answer the following question(s). R R EN-C-C-N-C-C-O-H H H А. В.…
A: Q. At which bond would water need to be added to achieve hydrolysis of the peptide, back to its…
Q: Which of the following amino acid-classification pair is incorrect? O Lysine-basic amino acid O…
A: Amino acids are building blocks of protein. All Amino acids consist of - COOH ( carboxyl group ) and…
Q: Identify the amino acid. OH 0=C H2 CH-C H2 -CNH2 NH2
A: Amino acids are the monomers that build polymers called proteins. The amino acids are linked…
Q: HN-CH- HN-ÇH-C- -OH HN- CH 1 2 3.
A: Each amino acid has a N-terminal (-NH2 group), a C-terminal (-COOH group) & a R-group or the…
Q: Give the three-letter and one-letter names of the amino acids in each oligopeptide starting from the…
A: Oligopeptides are peptide sequences that consist of 2 to 20 amino acids. Peptides are sequence of…
Q: Create protein sequence with 10 amino acids
A: A protein is a polymer of amino acids. Two amino acids are joined together by forming a peptide…
Q: Choose the CORRECT components of a nucleoside. a pentose sugar bonded with a hexose sugar a base…
A: A nucleoside is without phosphate
Q: Write a DNA sequence that would encode the amino acid sequence…
A: In DNA, the hereditary information is contained within the nucleotides called codons that correspond…
Q: Identify the biomolecule represented by the following image. 0=P-O. 5' Base ОН
A: Components : Phosphate ( PO4) Pentose sugar : Ribose Nitrogenous base
Q: Identify the amino acids present in the structure from N terminal to C terminal. (answer in lower…
A: Amino acids are building blocks of proteins, It is organic molecule and compose of carbon, hydrogen,…
Q: Identify the amino acid shown below. (Note: SIngle letter codes are given as answer choices) H.…
A:
Q: A protein that has lost its tertiary structure and is non- functional is called den
A: Proteins are basically the polymers that is made up of monomers called as amino acids.There are…
Q: NH2 N- но-Р-О 'N' ОН ОН ОН
A: A is incorrect. Reason : Adenosine does not have any phosphate group in it's structure.
Q: Which of the following is cytidine? cytosine + guanine ribose + cytosine + phosphate group…
A: Cytidine is a nucleoside monomer formed when a cytosine gets attached to a ribose sugar via a…
Q: Identify the nitrogenous base that is not typically found in an RNA molecule. cytosine thymine…
A: Genetics is the branch of biology which deals with genes, heredity, and genome in the organism.…
Q: PROTEIN AMINO ACID SEQUENCE Methionine –Threonine – Cystine – Glycine Methionine Methionine Glycine…
A: Proteins are biopolymers that are made up of polypeptide chains of the monomeric units amino acids…
Q: Identify each of the amino acid in the polypeptide and then name it using the 3-letter…
A: Amino acids are organic compounds having functional group carboxyl and amino. There are 20 amino…
Q: The quaternary structure is the highest level of architecture common to all biologically active…
A: Protein has four levels of structures.They are primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary. Primary…
Q: Given the structures of the ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides: Adenine Uracil Thymine HN…
A: The nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are made up of nucleotides. The nucleotides are composed of…
Q: What molecules make up each single peptide? Deoxynucleotides (dNTPs) Nucleotides (NTPs) Amino…
A: In sickle cell anemia, the shape of RBC becomes sickle-like due to mutation in the DNA. The DNA…
Q: DNA or RNA or DNA & RNA
A: Nucleic acids: These are the large biomolecules which play essential roles in all the cells and the…
Q: The main chemical structure difference between ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid is in the…
A: Nucleic acids are the polymers that are known to be essential to all forms of life. Nucleic acids…
Q: Which of the following amino acids is polar in nature? A. Aspartic acid B. Alanine C. Proline D.…
A: On the basis of polarity amino acid can be divided into polar and no npolar amino acids.
Q: Create an oligopeptide via dehydration synthesis using the following amino acids. H. H. H -N…
A: The peptide is the bond, which is created between two or more amino acids. These bonds help to…
Q: Is the R group (CH3) on the amino acid alanine seen below, polar or non-polar? If there were several…
A: Amino acids are the structural units that make up a polypeptide or protein. All amino acids share…
Nucleotides
It is an organic molecule made up of three basic components- a nitrogenous base, phosphate,and pentose sugar. The nucleotides are important for metabolic reactions andthe formation of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses. They carry the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins and cellular replication. The nucleic acids are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of all proteins and ultimately every biomolecule and cellular component is a product of information encoded in the sequence of nucleic acids. Parts of a DNA molecule containing the information needed to synthesize a protein or an RNA are genes. Nucleic acids can store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next, fundamental to any life form.
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- Glycosylation is a major type of protein post-translational modification. Identify the amino acid that is joined to each monosaccharide by a glycosidic bond. glycoprotein A glycoprotein B glycoprotein C HA HO Н CH₂OH HO OH Н H CH₂OH Н ОН HO HN-C-CH3 о c=0 NHI -NH-C - CH2C-H ОН Н нн ОН НН CH2OH Он OH HO Н NH 1 С=0 -CH2-C-н NH C=0 LO-CH2-C-H NH A В сWhich of the choices are types of posttranslational modifications a newly synthesized protein may undergo? Select all the choices that apply. changes to hydrogen bonding capabilities formation of an amide bond between Cys and an isoprenyl group removal of prosthetic groups removal of the thiol group from a Cys residue modulation of charges on amino acids proteolytic cleavage covalent attachment of oligosaccharides to Asn, Thr, or SerCopy of The following reaction scheme shows the states of the amino acid hisitdine. Histidine has three pKa's - 2, 6 and 9.2. Which form of Histidine predominates at pH of 5? *H3N-CH-Ĉ-OH CH2 *H3N-CH-C–O- CH2 "H3N-CH-C-O- CH2 H2N-CH-C–O- CH2 +HN *HN N' -NH -NH -NH NH A C O A. A ОВ. В OC.C O D.D O E. The answer cannot be determined with information given.
- Given the structures of the ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides: Adenine Uracil Thymine HN Adenine NH HO-P-0- CH2 HO-P-0 CH2 HO-P-0-CH2 HO-P-0-CH он он он он OH H OH H Cytosine Cytosine Guanine Guanine NH2 NH NH2 CH2 HOo CH2 HO-P-0 -CH2 он он он он OH H OH H • Draw the structure of the polyribonucleotide UAGCCUG. Draw the structure of the polydeoxyribonucleotide CGTAGAT.To visualize the spatial arrangement of amino acid residues in an a-helix, it is helpful to imagine you are looking down the long axis of the helix, just as you would look down a soda straw. Viewed in this orientation, the residues form a circle, with each residue offset from its neighbor by 100 degrees. This representation is called a helical wheel. Use the circle below to indicate the position of each residue around the helix of the enzyme lysozyme. NH ...Arg - Cys - Glu- Leu - Ala Ala - Ala Met-Lys COO- The first two amino acids, Arg-1 and Cys-2, are shown as an example. Arg-1 O Glu-3 Which amino acid in the polypeptide is the first to pass the origin (i.e., which amino acid passes Arg- 1 first, completing one full circle)? Select the best answer. O Leu-4 O Ala-5 O Ala-6 O Ala-7 Met-8 O Lys-9 100° O none of the above Cys-2Briefly describe each of the following possible posttranslational protein modifications. Give an example of each. Cross-linkage glycosylation and phosphorylation cleavage assembly into polymeric proteins (> 1 polypeptide)
- Proteases are enzymes that cleave peptide bonds using general acid–base catalysis. General acid–base catalysis relies on a proton donor or acceptor other than water. Proteases rely on proton transfer to create strong nucleophiles from active-site amino acid residues. In the protease chymotrypsin, an active-site serine is a potent nucleophile. A nearby residue, His 57, interacts with serine to increase its reactivity. A schematic of chymotrypsin’s active site illustrates the active site Ser 195 and His 57 R groups. The Asp 102 residue helps position the His 57 residue via hydrogen bonding.Assuming the oligopeptide ALPHAHELICKS forms one continuous α helix, the carbonyl oxygen of the glutamic acid residue is hydrogen bonded to the amide nitrogen of? Isoleucine CysteineThe enzyme creatine kinase catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of creatine. Propose a mechanism for the reaction described using the curved arrow convention. Show the complete structure of the nucleotide.
- Now consider the same protein after a post-translational modification: a kinase (enzyme) has added a phosphate to the alcohol. (Assume there no other changes in the conformation of the protein.) pka ?? 11 `NH3 `NH2 + H What is the consequence to the ratio of the amine conjugate base to conjugate acid? (The pH has not changed at this point). There will be more conjugate base because it makes a favorable hydrogen bond to the phosphate. The ratio will not change, the pKa is a constant property of any dissociable functional group. There will be less conjugate acid because it has an unfavorable ion pair with the phosphate. There will be more conjugate acid because it has an favorable ion pair with the phosphate.Protease enzymes cleave proteins by hydrolyzing peptide bonds. The strategy for each type of metalloprotease begins with generating a nucleophile that attacks the peptide bond that attacks the peptide carbonyl group. O Macmillan Learning On the basis of the information provided in the figure, show the next step in the mechanism for peptide-bond cleavage by a metalloprotease. Metalloproteases H R₁ HN Zn Enz 2+ R₂ Draw curved arrows on the pre-drawn structures to show the metalloprotease mechanism. If you need to reset the structures, click More followed by Reset Drawing. Select Draw Templates Groups More B - H Enz H H с R1 | : HN O | Zn 2+ B R2 N Zn EraseThe unfolding of the α helix of a polypeptide to a randomly coiled conformation is accompanied by a large decrease in a property called specific rotation, a measure of a solution’s capacity to rotate circularly polarized light. Polyglutamate, a polypeptide made up of only L-Gluresidues, has the α-helix conformation at pH 3. When the pH is raised to 7, there is a large decrease in the specific rotation of the solution. Similarly, polylysine (L-Lys residues) is an α helix at pH 10, but when the pH is lowered to 7 the specific rotation also decreases, as shown by the following graph. What is the explanation for the effect of the pH changes on the conformations of poly(Glu) and poly(Lys)? Why does the transition occur over such a narrow range of pH?