Retardation factor
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Dissolved Napthalene contamination is dissolved in groundwater within an aquifer soil bulk density of soil is 2.8 gm/cc, fraction organic content (foc) of soil is 0.01, and the Organic Carbon Partition Coefficient (Koc) looked up in the textbook as done on prior problems. The formation porosity is 0.2.
Perform the following calculations and enter your numerical answer for part b):
a) Retardation factor
b) Estimated average velocity, in meters per year, of the dissolved Naphthalene in an aquifer with an advective velocity of 500 meters per year.
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- Section 3: Aeration and Gas Transporta) How would you explain air-filled porosity for clayey soils being less than sandy soils?b) Briefly discuss why the composition of soil air is as relevant as determining the air-filled porosity inassessing soil aeration.c) The air-phase O2 concentration measured in the field was found to diminish linearly from 0.0003 gcm-3 at the soil surface to 0.000257 g cm-3 at the 0.6-m depth. The soil temperature was determined tobe same as the atmospheric air temperature of 25 oC. Soil core (volume = 0.64 litres) samples werecollected in the top 0.6 m of a soil profile to assess the soil’s ability to promote aeration and gastransport. The average total mass of the soil sample was determined as 1.0 kg. The samples were ovendried at 105 oC for 24 hours to obtain an average dry mass of 0.85 kg. Based on the given informationabout the soil:i) Determine the diffusive flux of O2 through the 0.6-m soil layer based on the soil diffusioncoefficient determined from the…In the north-eastern part of a particular Caribbean island, in a valley close to a mountain range the water table tends to be high within the soil profile during the wet season. Soil and groundwater samples were taken at various points within the water table region for analysis. The groundwater was found to have a high divalent calcium ion concentration but a low oxygen concentration. (i) Predict the pH of the groundwater. Explain your answer.(ii) Predict the colour of the soil samples obtained. Explain your answer.Which of the following is not a mode of field flow fractionation? a. Viscosity b. Sedimentation c. Flow d. Thermal
- Q1-) A soil sample in plastic limit state weighs 2.535 N and becomes 1.980 N after oven drying. The plasticity index and the shrinkage limit of the soil are 11% and 15% respectively. Determine the quantity of water in liter to be added or taken out of the sample to change its state to: i- Solid state. ii- State at which the liquidity index equals to two.1. Determine the effective size (d10, in mm) and the uniformity coefficient (UC) for the sand filter media characterized by the sieve analysis results presented in the following table. Sieve opening size (mm) 1.41 1.19 1.00 0.84 0.71 0.59 0.50 0.42 0.35 0.30 % Weight Passing 100 100 94 83 63 35 18 11 8 0The cadmium (Cd) content of soils ranges across about 4 orders of magnitude. The log(mg kg1) for one soil sample (that is, the Cd content in [mg Cd (kg soil) "], is found to be log(mg kg1) = -0.45. What is the cadmium content of the soil in ppm? Your Answer: Answer units
- Estimate the velocity at which benzene moves through a saturated soil having the following properties: bulk density = 1.35 g/cm³, porosity = 0.45, and organic carbon fraction = 0.0058. From a regression equation based on the octanol-water partition coefficient, it can be estimated that the Koc value for benzene will be 83 mL/g-OC. Assume the groundwater velocity is 8. 10 cm/d.Question 3. A DNAPLS substance was generated and released in a tire fire accident. A consulting firm was hired to carry out an assessment of the aquifer at the accident site. A subsurface plume of contaminant X was detected in the aquifer. The aquifer is located at a depth of 1300 m with a soil porosity of 34% and hydraulic conductivity of 41 m/d. The fraction of organic content in the soil is 1% and dry bulk density is 2000 kg/m3. Assume the Octanol-water partition coefficient of the substance, log Kow = 2.78.What is the Retardation factor (R) of DNALPS substance in this case? State your assumptions.2.28. A groundwater is being considered for use as a domestic supply. The water has a temperature 15°C and the following chemical analysis: CONSTITUENT Ca+2 Mg Nat Fe +2 Cd+ HCO3 SO4 CO3 NO3 CONCENTRATION. g/m³ 190 84 75 0.1 0.2 260 64 30 440 35 a. Use an anion-cation balance to determine if the sample analysis is reasonable. b. What is the hardness of the water? c. Determine the alkalinity of the water. d. Estimate the sample pH. e. Would the water be an acceptable domestic supply? Why or why not?
- A site containing two different soil types is contaminated with cadmium (Cd2+). Below is the adsorption isotherm data (at 25 oC, pH = 7.5) for each soil with Cd2+. Soil A Cw (mole/L) Cs (mole/kg) 0.30 4.36 0.50 5.33 1.00 6.40 2.90 7.37 Soil B Cw (mole/L) Cs (mole/kg) 1.00 1.00 1.20 1.09 2.00 1.33 3.50 1.56 What is the maximum adsorption capacity of each soil for Cd2+? Cs MAX for SOIL A Cs MAX for SOIL B Report your answers in units of moles Cd2+/ kg soil and enter them as X.X A soil pore water sample collected from a monitoring well measured Cw = 1.6 moles Cd2+/L. Calculate the Kd if this sample was collected from Soil A and from Soil B. Report your answer in units of L/kg and enter X.XXx10(-X) or X.XXx10(X)To solve this problem, you need to find the relationship between KL and Kd (like we did in class for the relationship between KF and Kd. Kd for SOIL A Kd for SOIL BYou are studying the mineralogy of a soil and have made the following measurements in the lab: The soil is composed of 64% clay, with 3% organic matter. The soil pH is 6.5. The total soil CEC is 70 cmolc/kg. Using the assumption that the CEC of organic matter is 150 cmolc/kg at pH 6.5. please determine the most likely kind of clay mineral that is present in the soil sample. allophane gibbsite ilite O smectite Cation exchange occurs because cations are bound to soil colloids through O inner sphere complexes O cation bridging pH dependent complexes outer sphere complexesFollowing are the result from liquid and plastic limit tests for a soil Moisture Content (%) 36.5 N 20 23 30 33.0 27,0 PL= 12.2% Draw the flow curve and obtain liquid limit Your answer What is the Plasticity Index? Your answer Using Plasticity Chart, what is the value of the SL? Your answer