Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: All of the following are considered innate body defenses except (a) complement, (b) phagocytosis, (c) antibodies, (d) lysozyme, (e) inflammation.
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- Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: Complement fixation promotes all of the following except (a) cell lysis, (b) inflammation, (c) opsonization, (d) interferon release, (e) chemotaxis of neutrophils and other cells.Use the following choices for the next set of questions. A choice may be used zero or more times: a)Complement b) B cells c) T cells d) more than one of these 6)Part of the innate immune response 7)Often found concentrated in the lymph nodes 8)Expresses MHC Class I 9)Can be a plasma cell 10) Capable of inducing cytotoxicity of self cells 11) Directly participates in ADCC 12) Forms membrane attack complex 13) Undergoes affinity maturation 14) Produces molecules capable of neutralizing soluble toxins in serum 15) Undergoes somatic hypermutation 16) Produces molecules which serve as opsonins 17) Relies on immunologic signal transduction for proper operation 18) Undergoes clonal expansion 19) Considered part of the endothelium 20) Capable of producing granzymeUse the following choices for the next set of questions. A choice may be used zero or more times: a)MHC class I b) MHC class Il C) both MHC class I and II d) neither MHC class | or II e) cannot be determined 21) expressed on T cells 22) captures antigens present in endosomes 23) strongly affected by proteasomal inhibition 24) downregulated by many viruses 25) the genes responsible for expression are monomorphic, meaning that identical alleles are shared throughout the population
- Which of the following is not true about the complementsystem?(a) It is a set of more than 20 proteins that play a key rolein host defense by specifically acting in different waystoward different microorganisms.(b) Its general functions include enhancing phagocytosis byphagocytes, lysing microbes and enveloped viruses directly, and generating peptide fragments that regulateinflammation and immune responses.(c) It is a fast-acting innate host defense that works in a cascade.(d) There are three pathways classical, lectin, and alternative.(e) The effects of each activation pathways are the same.Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: Cells that can directly attack target cells include all of the following except (a) macrophages, (b) cytotoxic T cells, (c) helper T cells, (d) natural killer cells.How many types of “foreign molecules” (use the proper term where needed) does each cell recognize? On the pathogen side – what molecules will be recognized by these immune cells? (no need for specific names, just a few examples of pathogen molecules that will trigger an immune response) Bloodwork indicates that a patient who has pneumonia is actively secreting different forms of antibody against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Explain how the patient can respond to this pathogen by secreting more than one antibody.
- 1) According to the video, what is another name for the innate immune sys and what does this system do? 2) According to the video, what causes inflammation and what cells cause it? 3) According to the video, what happens to neutrophils after they consume a pathogen? 4) According to the video, natural killer cells; what do they do? 5) The adaptive/acquired immune system can tell the difference between types of pathogens: true or false? 6) According to the video, helper t- function: 7) According to the video, cytotoxic t cells function: 8) According to the video, memory cells function:1) The immune system and the brain are (two correct answers) : unrelated to one another strictly connected communicate through biological pathways including inflammation 2) How would you define the relationship between the immune system and the brain? a) Unidirectional (the immune system does not influence the brain) b) Unidirectional (the brain influences the immune system but only in case of severe physical diseases like cancer) c) bidirectional (they influence each other)Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: The cell type most often invaded by HIV is a(n) (a) eosinophil, (b) cytotoxic T cell, (c) natural killer cell, (d) helper T cell, (e) B cell.
- Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: Antibodies released by plasma cells are involved in (a) humoral immunity, (b) immediate hypersensitivity reactions, (c) autoimmune disorders, (d) all of the above.Question:- Friend #1 was unfortunately stabbed with a scalpel by a stressed out fellow gross anatomy student in the neck (but lived!). Friend #2 underwent surgery to remove some lymph nodes in the cervical region VERY infected with an atypical Mycobacterium. Friend #2 wants to understand the mechanistic reason why his scar is so much worse than Friend #1's scar. Explain the difference to him. Do you think the scar would look better (i.e. the wound heal "better") if friend #2 underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy? Justify your answer.Which of the following lists contains cells that are typically considered to be associated with the innate immune response? Question 14 options: A) neutrophils, macrophages, T cells B) neutrophils, macrophages, NK cells C) B cells, T cells, and NK cells D) basophils, T cells, mast cells