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- (5) A standard sclution of hydrated iron(II) sulphate, FeSO,.XH20, was preparcd by dissolving 5.8 g of the salt in a volumetric flask and making it up to 250 mL (250 cm³). Twenty-five millilitres (25 mL (25 cm³)) of this solution was acidified and found to react exactly with, 22.8 cm³ (22.8 mL), of 0.018 M potassium 3 permanganate solution. The half-equations for the reaction are: JAS 00 MAC aJTT MNO4 (aq) + 8H*(aq) Fe*(aq) + Mn2“(aq) + 4H20(1) → Fe*(aq) + e MOTTAMIMAXE 2+ (i; What is the indicator for the titration of a solution of iron (II) sulphate and potassium permanganate soluticn? (ii) Indicate the colour at the end point if the permanganate is in the burette. blood ofieido rosd sl (iii) Why is it necessary to acidify the iron(II) solution before titration? o sd am eorsiuols(4) Assume that the change in concentration of N₂O4 is small enough to be neglected in the following problem. (a) Calculate the equilibrium concentration of both species in 1.00 L of a solution prepared from 0.129 mol of N₂O4 with chloroform as the solvent. N₂04 (9) 2 NO₂ (g) Kc = 1.07 x 10-5 in chloroform (b) Show that the change is small enough to be neglected.A biochemical reaction takes place in a 1.00 ml solution of 0.0250 Mphosphate buffer initially at pH = 7.20 (as shown for pKas of phosphatespecies).(a) Are the concentrations of any of the four possible phosphate speciesnegligible? If so, identify them and explain your answer.(b) During the reaction, 3.80 μmol of HCl are produced. Calculate the finalpH of the reaction solution. Assume that the HCl is completely neutralizedby the buffer.
- Penicillin F is recovered from a dilute aqueous fermentation broth by extraction with amyl acetate, using 6.5 volumes of solvent per 100. volumes of the aqueous phase. At pH = 3.8 the distribution coefficient KD is 74. (a) What fraction of the penicillin would be recovered in a single ideal stage? (b) What would be the recovery with three-stage extraction using fresh solvent in both stages? (c) How many ideal stages would be needed to give the same recovery as in part (b) if a counterflow cascade were used with V/L = 0.065?a) Discuss the possible mechanisms involved in the destabilization of a suspension of mineral particles upon addition of alum. The suspen- sion pH is initially 7.0, and the pH of the zero point of charge (PZC) of the particles is 6.2. Suggest three possible mechanisms for destabilization. (b) If the pH of the PZC were 9.5, would the same mechanisms apply?1) Discuss the factors affecting the sign of AG in the relationship AG= AH - TAS. Give examples for cach of the situations.
- Using the AG° values in the table below, calculate the AG; for CaCO3. Са (8) + 3/2 О2 (9) + С (graphite) > СаСОз (s) AG° = ? kJ/mol Reaction AG°, kJ/mol С (graphite) + O2 (9) —+ СО? (9) -394.4 2Ca (s)+ O2 (9) → 2CaO (s) -1206.6 CACO3 (s) → CaO (s)+ CO2 (9) 131.4A 4.912-g sample of a petroleum product was burnedin a tube furnace, and the SO2produced was collectedin 3% H2O2.Reaction:SO2(g)+H2O2→H2SO4A 25.00-mL portion of 0.00873 M NaOH was introducedinto the solution of H2SO4, following whichthe excess base was back-titrated with 15.17 mL of0.01102 M HCl. Calculate the sulfur concentrationin the sample in parts per million.(i) You have been provided with a sample collected from a water pool beside a slag heap at the iron ore mine. 35 uL of the sample is added to 1165 uL of buffered ferrozine (excess). If the %T recorded at 562 nm in a 2 mm cuvette is found to be 25%, calculate the concentration of Fe(II) in the sample in mol L−1 and ppm. Comment on the contamination level. (ii) Comment on a possible contaminant that could interfere with the assay and suggest an approach that could be used to account for its presence.
- (7). (a) Write full forms of following thermoanalytical techniques: (i) TGA (ii) DTA (iii) DSC (iv) PTGA (v) EGA. (b) A thermogram of a magnesium compound shows a loss of 91.0 mg from a total of 175.0 mg used for analyte. Identify the compound either as MgO, MgCO3, or MgC₂04.(i) What type of non-stoichiometric point defect is responsible for the pink colour of LiCl?(ii) What type of stoichiometric defect is shown by NaCl?Discuss the interpretation of the following: (a) A H°(298 K) becomes less negative along the series LiF, NaF, KF, RbF, CsF, but more negative along the series Lil, Nal, KI, RbI, CsI. (b) The thermal stability of the isomorphous sulfates of Ca, Sr and Ba with respect to decomposition into the metal oxide (MO) and SO3 increases in the sequence CaSO4 < SrSO4 < BaSO4.