Since 1965, dimes are composed of copper with 25% nickel on the outside. A Roosevelt Type dime (1946 to 1964), designed by John R Sinnockis, is composed of 90.0% silver and 10.0% copper. The composition changed when the dime cost more in silver than it was worth. A 1963 dime is weighed on ten different balances, and the mass is recorded. Balance Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mass (g) = Xm 2.495 g 2.509 g 2.507 g 2.511 g 2.508 g 2.538 g 2.512 g 2.501 g 2.510 g 2.490 g a) Solve for the average value, x: d=Xm-X b) Fill in the chart for all the d and d² values. d²

Since 1965, dimes are composed of copper with 25% nickel on the outside. A Roosevelt Type dime (1946 to 1964), designed by John R Sinnockis, is composed of 90.0% silver and 10.0% copper. The composition changed when the dime cost more in silver than it was worth. A 1963 dime is weighed on ten different balances, and the mass is recorded. Balance Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mass (g) = Xm 2.495 g 2.509 g 2.507 g 2.511 g 2.508 g 2.538 g 2.512 g 2.501 g 2.510 g 2.490 g a) Solve for the average value, x: d=Xm-X b) Fill in the chart for all the d and d² values. d²

Chemistry

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ISBN:9781133611097

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 113CP: On October 21, 1982, the Bureau of the Mint changed the composition of pennies (see Exercise 120)....

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3.68 Magnesium is lighter than other structural metals, so it is increasingly important in the design of more efficient vehicles. Mg2+ ions are present in seawater, and the metal is often prepared by "harvesting" these ions and converting them to Mg metal. The average magnesium content of the oceans is about 1270 g Mg2+ per ton of seawater, and the density of seawater is about 1.03 g/mL. What is the molarity of Mg2+ ions in seawater? The design for a concept car calls for 103 kg of magnesium per vehicle. How many gallons of seawater would be required to supply enough magnesium to build one of these ears?
About 5 billion kilograms of benzene, C6H6, are made each year. Benzene is used as a starting material for many other compounds and as a solvent (although it is also a carcinogen, and its use is restricted). One compound that can be made from benzene is cyclohexane, C6H12. C6H6() + 3 H2(g) C6H12() rH = 206.7 kJ/mol-rxn; rS = 361.5 J/K mol-rxn Is this reaction predicted to be product-favored at equilibrium at 25 C? Is the reaction enthalpy- or entropy-driven?
4-102 Aspartame, an artificial sweetener used as a sugar substitute in some foods and beverages, has the molecular formula C14H18N2O5. (a) How many mg of aspartame are present in 3.72 × 1026 molecules of aspartame? (b) Imagine you obtain 25.0 mL of aspartame, which is known to have a density of 1.35 g/mL. How many molecules of aspartame are present in this volume? (c) How many hydrogen atoms are present in 1.00 mg of aspartame? (d) Complete the skeletal structure of aspartame, where all the bonded atoms are shown but double bonds, triple bonds, and/or lone pairs are missing. (e) Identify the various types of geometries present in each central atom of aspartame using VSEPR theory. (f) Determine the various relative bond angles associated with each central atom of aspartame using VSEPR theory. (g) What is the most polar bond in aspartame? (h) Would you predict aspartame to be polar or nonpolar? (i) Is aspartame expected to possess resonance? Explain why or why not. (j) Consider the combustion of aspartame, which results in formation of NO2(g) as well as other expected products. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. (k) Calculate the weight of C02(g) that can be prepared from 1.62 g of aspartame mixed with 2.11 g of oxygen gas.
89 A number of compounds containing the heavier noble gases, and especially xenon, have been prepared. One of these is xenon hexafluoride (XeF6), which can be prepared by heating a mixture of xenon and fluoride gases. XeF6 is a white crystalline solid at room temperature and melts at about 325 K. A mixture of 0.0600 g of Xe and 0.0304 g of F2 is sealed into a 100.0-mL bulb. (The bulb is heated, and the reaction goes to completion. Then the sealed bulb is cooled back to 20.0°C. What will be the final pressure in the bulb, expressed in torr?
hat do the coefficients of a balanced chemical equation tell us about the proportions in which atoms and molecules react on an individual (microscopic) basis?
Which of these statements are qualitative? Which are quantitative? Explain your choice in each case. (a) Sodium is a silvery-white metal. (b) Aluminum melts at 660 C. (c) Carbon makes up about 23% of the human body by mass. (d) Pure carbon occurs in different forms: graphite, diamond, and fullerenes.
3.107 As computer processor speeds increase, it is necessary for engineers to increase the number of circuit elements packed into a given area. Individual circuit elements are often connected using very small copper “wires” deposited directly onto the surface of the chip. In some processors, these copper interconnects are about 22 nm wide. How many copper atoms would be in a 1-mm length of such an interconnect, assuming a square cross section? (The density of copper is 8.96 g/cm3.)
On October 21, 1982, the Bureau of the Mint changed the composition of pennies (see Exercise 120). Instead of an alloy of 95% Cu and 5% Zn by mass, a core of 99.2% Zn and 0.8% Cu with a thin shell of copper was adopted. The overall composition of the new penny was 97.6% Zn and 2.4% Cu by mass. Does this account for the difference in mass among die pennies in Exercise 120? Assume the volume of the individual metals that make up each penny can be added together to give the overall volume of the penny, and assume each penny is the same size. (Density of Cu = 8.96 g/cm3; density of Zn = 7.14 g/cm3).
A sample of cocaine, C17H21O4N, is diluted with sugar, C12H22O11. When a 1.00-mg sample of this mixture is burned, 1.00 mL of carbon dioxide (d=1.80g/L) is formed. What is the percentage of cocaine in this mixture?
2.97 LDPE has a density in the range of 0.915—0.935 g/cm3, and HDPF has a density in the range of 0.940—0.965 g/cm3. You receive a small disk, 2.0 cm high with a 6.0-cm diameter, from a manufacturer of polyethylene, but its label is missing. You measure the mass of the disk and find that it is 53.8 g. Is the material HDPE or LDPE?
The present average concentration (mass percent) of magnesium ions in seawater is 0.13%. A chemistry textbook estimates that if 1.00 × 108 tons Mg were taken out of the sea each year, it would take one million years for the Mg concentration to drop to 0.12%. Do sufficient calculations to either verify or refute this statement. Assume that Earth is a sphere with a diameter of 8000 mi, 67% of which is covered by oceans to a depth of 1 mi, and that no Mg is washed back into the oceans at any time.
[References] nelling salts," which are used to revive someone who has fainted, typically contain ammonium carbonate, (NH4)2 CO3 . Ammon. ponate decomposes readily to form ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water. The strong odor of the ammonia usually restores conscio person who has fainted. The unbalanced equation is (NH4)2 CO3(s) → NH3(9) + CO2(g) + H2O(g) alculate the mass of ammonia gas that is produced if 2.40 g of ammonium carbonate decomposes completely. g NH3 Submit Answer Try Another Version 1 item attempt remaining

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