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Study B: The decoy effect is the phenomenon that an additional but worse option can boost the appeal of an existing option. In order to get workers at food-processing factories in China to comply with hygiene standards (i.e., using hand sanitizer every hour), researchers manipulated whether there were additional options to the standard and convenient spray bottle provided to each employee. Workers in different rooms were randomly assigned to have just the standard spray bottle, or the standard spray bottle and an inconvenient squeeze bottle. Quality control personnel kept track of hand sanitizer use (weighing the bottles before and after each shift) and sanitary condition (sample wipes assessing the number of bacteria on hands). Neither the employees or quality control personnel were aware of the experiment or its hypothesis. The researchers found that when a decoy was present, workers used more sanitizer and were more likely to pass hand sanitary tests. After the above paper was published, two of the researchers expressed concern about how the data was collected: There was variation in the accuracy of the scales the observers used and some peculiarities in the data that suggest the quality control personnel may have fudged some numbers. Though they did not withdraw their paper, the researchers are less confident in their effect and are planning a replication. What does this illustrate? The importance of random samples for drawing causal conclusions. The decreased external validity that comes from field research. The importance of random assignment for drawing causal conclusions. The decreased internal validity that comes from field research.

Study B: The decoy effect is the phenomenon that an additional but worse option can boost the appeal of an existing option. In order to get workers at food-processing factories in China to comply with hygiene standards (i.e., using hand sanitizer every hour), researchers manipulated whether there were additional options to the standard and convenient spray bottle provided to each employee. Workers in different rooms were randomly assigned to have just the standard spray bottle, or the standard spray bottle and an inconvenient squeeze bottle. Quality control personnel kept track of hand sanitizer use (weighing the bottles before and after each shift) and sanitary condition (sample wipes assessing the number of bacteria on hands). Neither the employees or quality control personnel were aware of the experiment or its hypothesis. The researchers found that when a decoy was present, workers used more sanitizer and were more likely to pass hand sanitary tests. After the above paper was published, two of the researchers expressed concern about how the data was collected: There was variation in the accuracy of the scales the observers used and some peculiarities in the data that suggest the quality control personnel may have fudged some numbers. Though they did not withdraw their paper, the researchers are less confident in their effect and are planning a replication. What does this illustrate? The importance of random samples for drawing causal conclusions. The decreased external validity that comes from field research. The importance of random assignment for drawing causal conclusions. The decreased internal validity that comes from field research.

Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897, 0079039898, 2018
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897, 0079039898, 2018
18th Edition
ISBN:9780079039897
Author:Carter
Publisher:Carter
Chapter10: Statistics
Section10.6: Summarizing Categorical Data
Problem 27PPS
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Study B: The decoy effect is the phenomenon that an additional but worse option can boost the appeal of an existing option. In order to get workers at food-processing factories in China to comply with hygiene standards (i.e., using hand sanitizer every hour), researchers manipulated whether there were additional options to the standard and convenient spray bottle provided to each employee. Workers in different rooms were randomly assigned to have just the standard spray bottle, or the standard spray bottle and an inconvenient squeeze bottle. Quality control personnel kept track of hand sanitizer use (weighing the bottles before and after each shift) and sanitary condition (sample wipes assessing the number of bacteria on hands). Neither the employees or quality control personnel were aware of the experiment or its hypothesis. The researchers found that when a decoy was present, workers used more sanitizer and were more likely to pass hand sanitary tests. After the above paper was published, two of the researchers expressed concern about how the data was collected: There was variation in the accuracy of the scales the observers used and some peculiarities in the data that suggest the quality control personnel may have fudged some numbers. Though they did not withdraw their paper, the researchers are less confident in their effect and are planning a replication. What does this illustrate? The importance of random samples for drawing causal conclusions. The decreased external validity that comes from field research. The importance of random assignment for drawing causal conclusions. The decreased internal validity that comes from field research.
Transcribed Image Text:Study B: The decoy effect is the phenomenon that an additional but worse option can boost the appeal of an existing option. In order to get workers at food-processing factories in China to comply with hygiene standards (i.e., using hand sanitizer every hour), researchers manipulated whether there were additional options to the standard and convenient spray bottle provided to each employee. Workers in different rooms were randomly assigned to have just the standard spray bottle, or the standard spray bottle and an inconvenient squeeze bottle. Quality control personnel kept track of hand sanitizer use (weighing the bottles before and after each shift) and sanitary condition (sample wipes assessing the number of bacteria on hands). Neither the employees or quality control personnel were aware of the experiment or its hypothesis. The researchers found that when a decoy was present, workers used more sanitizer and were more likely to pass hand sanitary tests. After the above paper was published, two of the researchers expressed concern about how the data was collected: There was variation in the accuracy of the scales the observers used and some peculiarities in the data that suggest the quality control personnel may have fudged some numbers. Though they did not withdraw their paper, the researchers are less confident in their effect and are planning a replication. What does this illustrate? The importance of random samples for drawing causal conclusions. The decreased external validity that comes from field research. The importance of random assignment for drawing causal conclusions. The decreased internal validity that comes from field research.
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