Suppose that a cow is launched into space, far from the Sun, wearing a suit that provides it with oxygen but very little insulation. Estimate how long it will take the cow to radiate enough heat to lower its body temperature by 2C , wherein hypothermia will begin to set in. (Note: You will have to estimate whatever numerical parameters that you think are relevant to this problem; there is a wide range of “correct answers”.)
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Suppose that a cow is launched into space, far from the Sun, wearing a suit that provides it with oxygen but very little insulation. Estimate how long it will take the cow to radiate enough heat to lower its body temperature by 2C , wherein hypothermia will begin to set in. (Note: You will have to estimate whatever numerical parameters that you think are relevant to this problem; there is a wide range of “correct answers”.)
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- During hyperthermia treatments for certain diseases, heat is deposited in the tissue via microwave heating. Write the general form of the Pennes bioheat equation for the treated tissue volume. In the equation, please include the external heating term due to microwave heating, the metabolic heat generation term, and the Pennes blood perfusion term. The local blood perfusion in the tissue volume is 5 ml/(100g tissue min) given in typical medical textbooks. (a) First convert the blood perfusion rate into a value with a unit of 1/s. The density and specific heat of blood are 1050 kg/m³ and 3800 J/kg°C, respectively. (b) The average tissue temperature is 45°C during the heating treatment. Calculate the value of the average volumetric heat generation rate represented by the blood perfusion term. What kind of roles does the blood play during hyperthermia treatment, i.e., carrying the heat away from the treatment site or adding energy to the treatment site? Please compare the calculated…Diazepam is used as a skeletal muscle relaxant and as a sedative administered before surgery, as well as a treatment for anxiety. For children above the age of 6 months who suffer from anxiety disorders, diazepam is administered at a reduced dosage. Suppose a child with a body surface area (BSA) of 0.8 m2 is to receive a dose of diazepam divided into three administrations. Using the BSA rule and assuming that an adult dose of diazepam is 12 mg, what are the daily dose and the dose per administration? mgWith regard to thermoregulation in humans, what could be considered an accurate consequence of the outside temperature dropping below the lower critical temperature? A. The individual will begin to breathe in less oxygen and exhale less carbon dioxide. B. The metabolic needs of the individual will increase if they remain below the lower critical temperature for sufficient time-frames. C. Capillaries (i.e. blood vessels) near the surface of the skin will dilate in order to allow blood to circulate more freely throughout the organism, distributing heat to raise temperature. D. The person's Basal Metabolic Rate will be lowered to match the Standard Metabolic Rate of an ectotherm of comparable size. E. Hormones from the hypothalamus will be released, which lead to the initiation of a positive feedback response that amplifies muscle contraction, leading to shivering.
- a) Develop a Forrester Diagram, based on the schematic below, for blood temperature homeostasis. Consider four state variables. Keep in mind that the final goal of the model is to show how normal body temperature is re-established after a perturbation. Of note, if you draw your solution by hand make sure your scan is readable (not just a bunch of cell phone pictures) and converted to pdf Using an e-pencil is usually better, or ppt. Thermoregulation center in brain is activated. Temperature rises above normal. Sweat glands secrete sweat that evaporates, cooling the body. Blood vessels in skin dilate and heat escapes. Homeostasis: Internal body temperature of approximately 36-38°C Blood vessels in skin constrict, minimizing heat loss. Skeletal muscles rapidly contract, causing shivering which generates heat. Temperature falls below normal. Thermoregulation center in brain is activated. b) Write-up the equations (FDEs) for your Forrester Diagram. (Source: Biology on-line textbook.…B) Intersystem Conversions Convert your body weight from pounds (Ibs) to g (1 kg = 2.2 Ib): Weight Ibs = _kg = g Convert your height from inches to meters (1 inch = 2.54 cm): Height ft_in = in = cm = m Convert these temperature readings: Unless you are ill, your body temperature in Fahrenheit should be about 98.6 °F. In °C, what would it be in Celsius? 98.6 °F = °C Altitude affects the temperature at which water boils. At the bottom of the Grand Canyon, - 2000 ft above sea level, water boils at 97.8°C. At the top of the Grand Canyon, water boils at 92.2°C. What would these temperatures be on the Fahrenheit scale? 97.8°C = °F 92.2°C = °FFollowing several days at high altitude the body responds to the decreased oxygen content of the atmosphere by increasing the amount of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate it produces. Based on this information and refering to the graph below, identify the correct response from the options. Y (fraction saturation) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 20 Oxygen Binding plot 40 60 p02 (torr) 80 100 A) Curve y=high altitude and gives a greater release of oxygen to the tissues B) Curve x = high altitude and gives a greater release of oxygen to the tissues C) Curve y=high altitude and allows more oxygen to be bound at low oxygen levels D) Curve x = high altitude and allows more oxygen to be bound at low levels
- When the drug theophylline is administered for asthma, a concentration below 5 mg/L has little effect and undesirable side-effects appear if the concentration exceeds 20 mg/L. For a body that weighs W kg, the concentration when M mg is present is 2M/W mg/L and the constant that measures the rapidity at which the concentration falls is T = 6 h. If a 500-mg tablet of the drug is taken by a person weighing 70 kg, after how many hours should the second dose be taken so as to prevent the drug from falling below the effective concentration? About 6 hours Once a day About 12 hours O About 8 hoursTwo athletes, age 38, ran continuously for periods ranging from 60 to 165 min on a motor- driven treadmill at 255.7 m/min while confronted with an airflow equivalent to running speed in cool, moderate, and hot environments as part of their preparation for the Tokyo 2021 Olympic games . From the information given on Fig 2, which athlete, A or B, would be more likely to complete the marathon race? Use information from the graph to explain your answer. (4) 120 Athlete A 100 80 60 Athlete B 40 20- 12 24 36 48 60 72 Time (hours)Which of the following situations would MOST likely cause a human to collapse from overheating? Select the BEST answer from the choices provided below. O High temperature, low vapor pressure deficit O High temperature, low relative humidity O High temperature, low vapor pressure O All of these situations create similarly high risk for heat-related collapse.
- The uncoupling of photon movements results in thermoregulation. Explain and define the terms Brown fat and non shivering thermogenesis as to the production of heat in babies.The matching questions below refer to this figure: HSP60 (relative change) HSP24 (relative change) 3.00- 2.00- 1.004 0.00 1.00- 0.75- 0.50- 0.25- 0.00 0 10 am -> - low N, heat stress Ohigh N, heat stress a b 12 24 What is the Main Point of Figure a? 36 What is one of the main points of Figure B 48 60 Time (h) [Choose ] 72 [Choose ] low N, control high N, control 81 heat stress event 108 120GenAlex Medical, a leading manufacturer of medical laboratory equipment, is designing a new automated system that can detect normal levels of dissolved glucose (70. to 105 mg/dL), using a blood sample that is as small as 5.0 mL. Calculate the minimum mass in milligrams of glucose that the new system must be able to detect. Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.