Suppose the stage game was played an infinite amount of times, and let x = 13: P2 C D E 5,5 0,13 0,0 13,0 3,3 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,1 C P1 D E Now consider the following strategy: • In the first round, play C In all future rounds: If both players played C in all previous rounds, play C. - Otherwise, play E. Let the discount factor for both players be 8 € (0,1). What is the lowest value of such that both players using this strategy can be a SPNE? (a) This strategy profile is a SPNE for any & € (0,1) 9 (b) 8 > 2/3 13 (c) 8> ²/ 1 (d) 8 > }/ 3 (e) This strategy profile cannot be a SPNE for any 8 € (0, 1)
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- please solve it in 30 minute please Consider an infinitely repeated game where the stage game is the game of chicken: Swerve Straight Swerve 0,0 -1,1 Straight 1, –1 -10, -10 Assume that the discount factor is very close to one. For concreteness, you can assume that d = 0.99. (a) Is there an SPE in which player l's payoff is 1/(1 – 6)? Explain. (b) Is there an SPE in which each player gets a payoff of 0? Explain. (c) Is there an SPE in which player l's payoff is -2/(1 – 8)? Explain.Consider the following two-player game with three options for each player. (Payouts are listed for the row player first, then the column player.) player Y layery 3,3 A 1,5 4,4 6,2 K 8,1 3,7 5,2 0,6 1,1 Find a mixed Nash equilibrium for this game. Solution suggestion: Use two variables per player. If p and are the probabilities of selecting the first two strategies, then 1-p-q is the probability of selecting the third strategy. You will need to solve a system of equations.Exercise 6.8. Consider the following extensive-form game with cardinal payoffs: 1 R O player pay 000 2 1 M 3 b 010 O player 3's payoff 1 2 221 2 000 0 0 (a) Find all the pure-strategy Nash equilibria. Which ones are also subgame perfect? (b) [This is a more challenging question] Prove that there is no mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium where Player 1 plays Mwith probability strictly between 0 and 1.
- 2. Consider the following Bayesian game with two players. Both players move simultaneously and player 1 can choose either H or L, while player 2's options are G, M, and D. With probability 1/2 the payoffs are given by "Game 1" : GMD H 1,2 1,0 1,3 L 2,4 0,0 0,5 and with probability 1/2 the payoffs are according to "Game 2" : G |M|D H 1,2 1,3 1,0 L 2,4 0,5 0,0 (a) Find the Nash Equilibria when neither player knows which game is actually played. (b) Assume now that player 2 knows which one among the two games is actually being played. Check that the game has a unique Bayesian Nash Equilibrium.2. Consider the following simultaneous move stage game. In each cell, player l's payoff is shown first. Player 2 L C R T 3, 1 0 ,0 5 , 0 Player 1 M 2, 1 I, 2 3 , 1 В 1, 0 , 1 4, 4 This game is played twice, without discounting of the second stage payoffs. Both players observe the outcome of the first stage prior to making their second stage choices. Determine whether or not (4,4) can be the first stage payoffs from a pure strategy subgame perfect Nash equilibrium. Explain your answer carefully.see image Use the following setting for questions 1-3. Consider the following static game: C R L 3,1 0,0 5,0 T M 2,1 1,2 3,1 B 1.2 0,1 4,4 Suppose this game is played for two periods. At the beginning of period 2, the players can observe the outcome from period 1. There is no discounting. 1. First, assume only pure-strategy SPNE such that either player's second period strategy DOES NOT depend on the first period outcome. How many such SPNE are in this game? (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (e) none 2. Consider only SPNE from the previous question. What is the maximum sum of the players' payoffs that can be achieved in the first period? (a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 (e) 8 3. Now consider all possible pure-strategy SPNE such that (B,R) is played in the first period. What must be the equilibrium outcome in the second period of such SPNE? (a) (T,L) (b) (M,C) (c) (B,R) (d) (T,R) (e) There are no such SPNE
- Question 4. Zeynep and Mehmet will eventually play the following game. Mehmet L R U 3,1 0,0 Zeynep D 0,3 1,3 In a preliminary stage, Zeynep has already asked Mehmet to allow her to move first and proposed to pay him 1 unit of her own payoff in exchange. So Mehmet has to options: • If he accepts Zeynep's offer: they will play the sequential move version of the above game in which Zeynep moves first. Mehmet will receive 1 unit of utility more, and Zeynep will receive 1 unit of utility less (in any outcome of the game) compared to the payoffs given in the bimatrix. 2 • If he rejects Zeynep's offer: they will play the simultaneous move game. a. Represent this strategic interaction in a game tree. b. How many information sets does each player have? c. Characterize the set of pure strategies for both players. d. Present this game as a normal-form game, and characterize the set of pure strategy Nash equi- libria.rock paper scissors гock 0. -3 1 рарer 1. -1 scissors -1 3 0. (a) Show that xT= ( ) and yT= (3) together are not a Nash equilibrium 3 3 313 for this modified game. (b) Formulate a linear program that can be used to calculate a mixed strategy x € A(R) that maximises Rosemary's security level for this modified game. (c) Solve your linear program using the 2-phase simplex algorithm. You should use the format given in lectures. Give a mixed strategy x E A(R) that has an optimal security level for Rosemary and a mixed strategy y E A(C) that has an optimal security level for Colin.Consider the following coordination game: Player 2P1 Comedy Show Concert Comedy Show 11,5 0,0 Concert 0,0 2,2 a. Find the Nash equilibrium(s) for this game.b. Now assume Player 1 and Player 2 have distributional preferences. Specifically, both people greatly care about the utility of the other person. In fact, they place equal weight on their outcome and the other person’soutcome, ρ = σ = ½. Find the Nash equilibrium(s) with these utilitarianpreferences.c. Now consider the case where Player1 and Player2 do not like each other. Specifically, any positive outcome for the other person is viewed as anegative outcome for the individual, ρ = σ = -1. Find the Nashequilibrium(s) with these envious preferences.
- Consider the following extensive form game between player 1 and player 2. T B (2, 2) L R R (3, 1) (0, 0) (5, 0) (0, 1) (a). Find the normal form representation of this game. (show the bimatrix) (b). Find all pure strategy NE. (c). Which of these equilibria are subgame perfect?GAME UUU B1 Player B B2 A1 7,13 5, 10 A2 3,8 9,16 Player A A3 5,8 4,7 In Game UUU (see table above), assuming players move simultaneously, Player A choosing A1 and Player B choosing B3 is a Nash equilibrium. Player A choosing A3 and Player B choosing B2 is a Nash equilibrium. Both Player A choosing A1 and Player B choosing B1 and Player A choosing A2 and player B choosing B2 are Nash equilibria in pure strategies Player A choosing A1 and Player B choosing B2 is a Nash equilibrium.In equilibrium, what is the probability that player 1 will use the pure strategy E in this game?