Suppose you are encrypting ONLINE using the key word CLASS. By how many letters would you shift E to the right? Z Y AB CDEF GH 1 J K LMNOPQRSTUVWX 01234 56 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Select one: 11 0 2 18
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- Q7: Using the same notations as in the lecture, e.g., p and q are the two primes and e and d are the public key and private key, respectively, p = 5, q = 13 and e= 5. Using the phi(n) that you found in question 6 and the Extended Euclidean algorithm yields d = 29. What is the cipher text C when encrypting M = 17?Encrypt The following correspondence between letters and numbers is used in the Caesar cypher. a b c d f h i j k lm n t V W e g 6. u y 0 1 2 3 4 7 8. 9. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Encrypt the animal name zebra with the Caesar cypher with a key of 3. What is the encrypted animal name (enter a string of letters with no spaces)? Decrypt An animal name was encrypted with the scheme described in the previous question (it was encoded with the key 3). The encrypted animal name is pduprw .What is the animal name?You may use a software to do calculations but you have to write down the details. The correspondence of letters table: A 01 B C D E F GH I J K L M 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 TU V W X Y N O P Q R 14 15 16 17 18 Z space S 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 00 4. Decipher the message "NUMBER", which was enciphered using the blocked cipher that sends the plaintext block (x₁, x2) into the ciphertext block (y₁, y2) with 2 (22) = (₂¹9) (2) mod 27.
- Alice's RSA public key is P = (e,n) = (5,901). Bob sends Alice the message by encoding it as follows. First he assigns numbers to characters: A is 3, B is 4, ..., Z is 28, a blank is 29, quotation marks: 30, a period: 31, a coma: 32, an apostrophe: 33. Then he uses RSA to encode each number separately. Bob's encoded message is: 030 673 332 785 171 589 782 171 828 589 785 568 782 785 713 782 813 785 123 589 828 673 589 487 589 785 813 890 243 813 785 733 243 813 890 589 733 243 813 673 422 769 785 673 769 785 769 673 733 171 828 589 291 785 673 813 785 673 769 785 782 713 828 482 785 123 589 422 243 500 769 589 785 813 890 589 482 785 568 782 785 713 782 813 785 549 589 243 828 673 367 589 785 890 782 587 785 422 782 733 171 828 673 422 243 813 589 568 785 828 673 332 589 785 673 769 777 030 Decode Bob's message. Notice that you don't have Bob's secret key, so you need to "break" RSA to decrypt his message. For the solution, you need to provide the following: (a) Describe step by step…In this problem, you will implement a transposition cipher that, instead of dividing the original text into odd and even characters, separates it into three sets of characters. As an example, we will use this 1977 quote by Digital Equipment Corp. president Ken Olson -- "There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home." (Spaces are represented with the square u-like character.) There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home. Rail 1: T r S d i t i h a C. e Rail 2: e a u a u in h Rail 3: a W n. m m Example three-rail transposition. The resulting encrypted text is produced by reading the text horizontally, i.e., adding the three rails: Rail 1 + Rail 2 + Rail 3 = **“Trinrs yeoda cpeitihehesoeoao u naournhro.e annnwlwt mt e m" (without the quotes). Requirements: Implement the three-rail transposition cipher above, placing your code in the file p4_2.py (template I provided, replace comment at the beginning of the file with your own code). Feel free to develop your…Implement the one-time pad encryption scheme in Microsoft Excel. Your worksheet should look as follows: For Encryption: - Have the message occupy adjacent cells in one row, with one bit of the message in each cell. Align the key (the one-time pad) with the message in the next row. Note that the key should be of the same length as the message. In the next row, enter a formula that computes the ciphertext. Decryption is similar: - Have the ciphertext occupy adjacent cells in one row, with one bit of the ciphertext in each cell. Align the key (the one-time pad) with the ciphertxt in the next row. Note that the key should be of the same length as the ciphertext. In the next row, enter a formula that computes the plaintext (message). .
- A Caesar cipher is a simple substitution cipher based on the idea of shifting each letter of the plaintext message a fixed number (called the key) of positions in the alphabet. For example, if the key value is 2, the word "Sourpuss" would be encoded as "Uqwtrwuu." The original message can be recovered by “reencoding" it using the negative of the key. Write a program that can encode and decode Caesar ciphers. The in- put to the program will be a string of plaintext and the value of the key. The output will be an encoded message where each character in the orig- inal message is replaced by shifting it key characters in the Unicode char- acter set. For example, if ch is a character in the string and key is the amount to shift, then the character that replaces ch can be calculated as: chr (ord (ch) + key). 62Using Python, Many user-created passwords are simple and easy to guess. Write a program that takes a simple password and makes it stronger by replacing characters using the key below, and by appending "q*s" to the end of the input string. i becomes ! a becomes @ m becomes M B becomes 8 o becomes . Ex: If the input is: mypassword the output is: Myp@ssw.rdq*sMany user-created passwords are simple and easy to guess. Program that takes a simple password and makes it stronger by replacing characters using the key below, and by appending "q*s" to the end of the input string. i becomes ! a becomes @ m becomes M B becomes 8 o becomes . Ex: If the input is: mypassword the output is: Myp@ssw.rdq*s
- Encrypt Caesar cipher is a kind of substitution cipher. Instead of using a substitution table, the alphabets are rotated by a number (a key). For example, if the key is 3, plaintext alphabet a would become d, and plaintext alphabet z would become c. Write a program that implements the Caesar Cipher. You program will first prompt for the key and then for the mode (E for encryption and D for decryption) and finally for the message to be encrypted / decrypted. Your program will then output the encryption / decryption message. For this question, the input message may consists of any character, the program should encrypt or small letter case a to z only. All other characters should be kept intact after encryption or decryption.Write a program that reads a sentence from the keyboard. The sentence has been encrypted so that the message consists of only the first five characters with even-numbered indexes. All other characters should be discarded. Decrypt the sentence and output the result. For example, if the user inputs “Hiejlzl3ow”, your output should be Hello.Many user-created passwords are simple and easy to guess. Write a program that takes a simple password and makes it stronger by replacing characters using the key below, and by appending "!" to the end of the input string. • i becomes 1 • a becomes @ • m becomes M B becomes 8 • s becomes $ Ex: If the input is: mypassword the output is: Myp@$$word!