The cell cycle checkpoint in G2 is utilized to detect ... Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a the binding of the MCM proteins to origins of replication. b chromosome misalignment. с unreplicated or damaged DNA. d levels of p53.
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- Match the following terms with the correct description Go phase A. During this phase, the cell divides into two identical cells. G, phase B. During this phase, the cell grows In size and synthesizes MRNA Gz phase C. This phase directly precedes mitosis. s phase D. This phase can be percelved as a moment in time in which the cell is nelther dividing nor preparing to divide. M phase E. DNA Is replicated during this phase.During anaphase of mitosis, sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers. When are sister chromatids officially considered to be daughter chromosomes in this phase? When they're no longer attached at the centromere. When two cells are formed from the division of cytoplasm and mitosis is complete. When replication is complete. O When the spindle fibers detach.Which of the following need to be expressed to get past the G1 checkpoint and why? Select one: a. All the answers are correct and needed to progress the cell past the G1 checkpoint by expressing the enzymes necessary for DNA replication. Once these proteins are all expressed, the cell has moved past G1 into S phase. b. Primase because this enzyme is needed for DNA replication moving the cell from G1 to S. c. Cyclins because the accumulation of specific cyclins will turn on CDKs needed to turn on gene expression for proteins involved in DNA replication, moving the cell from G1 to S. d. DNA helicase because this protein is needed for DNA replication (part of S phase). So expression will help progress the cell from G1 to S.
- Passage of cells from G1 through R to S depends on the interaction of various signal molecules, proteins and enzymes which regulate the cell cycle. Imagine I have just induced a mutation in a cell line which prevents the breakdown of the cyclin molecule we discussed. Which of the following events do you predict will happen? circle all that apply Select one or more: a. Uncontrolled cell replication may result b. Retinoblastoma protein will be continuously active c. The cells will be stuck in G1 phase d. The cells will begin to replicate their DNA e. Cyclin dependent kinase (Cdk) will be continuously active4) Describe in detail how p53 and MDM2 regulate cell division in a normal, healthy cell. You should describe 1) how these proteins cooperate to allow a cell to go through the cell cycle, 2) how they cooperate to stop the cell cycle, and 3) how they allow the cell cycle to continue again after having stopped it initially. You may use point form if you want.Cell division cycle mutations render the mutants unable to continue the cell cycle. This phenotype creates a paradox where mutant cells must also be grown in the lab to further identify the gene and study the role of the protein. How do you think this problem can be solved?
- Name: Period: Date: Cell Cycle Cell growth and division occurin a regular cycle. This cycle is divided into fourphases: G1, S, G2, and M. The diagram shows this cycle, along with events that occur in each phase. Follow the prompts below. v Color the phase in which most cell growth occurs BLUE v Color the phase in which DNA replication occurs RED. v Color the phase in which preparation for mitosis occurs in YELLOW. v Color the phase in which mitosis and cytokinesis G2 occur in GREEN. P 1. Which three phases make up interphase? GI M 2. Which of the following best describes cancer? Circle the correct answer. uncontrolled cell growth cells stop growing 3. If a dog has 72 chromosomes in a SOMATIC cell, how many chromosomes will its daughter cells have after meiosis_? mitosis_?Progression through the cell cycle is dependent on both extra- and intracellular conditions. Consider the following conditions. Indicate which checkpoint (s) responds to that condition.a. The cell is large enough to divide.b. The DNA is completely copied during S phase.c. The cell is receiving positive cues from neighbors.d. The DNA is damaged.e. The cell has enough energy reserves to divide.f. Are all the sister chromatids correctly attached to spindle microtubules?During cell division cycle, cells need to monitor the process of DNA replication and segregation of replicated DNA so that these processes are error-free. Some potential errors that could occur include incomplete DNA replication, DNA damage in genome, and uneven separation of replicated genome. These mechanisms that cells used to monitor these processes are referred as the "cell cycle checkpoint, which can control specific Cdk activity to regulate the progression of cell cycle. For the following checkpoint mechanisms, indicate which Cdk activity is attenuated? Also indicate one of the key proteins or protein complexes involved in the following checkpoints. a) DNA damage checkpoint during S-phase b) Mitotic checkpoint during M-phase
- Sometimes a cells "deal with" damaged DNA by just killing off the cell. This special cellular suicide is called apoptosis. Usually, the cell cycle has checkpoints that prevent damaged/mutated cells from proceeding to the next phase, though. When these checkpoints don't work, apoptosis can be used. If apoptosis did NOT occur, how might the damaged DNA impact the rest of the cell cycle? A. it may not complete the cell cycle correctly B. new cells containing damaged DNA may be made C. the cell may enter G0 D. all of the above are options E. A and B, but not C F. B and C, but not ACell growth and division occurin a regular cycle. This cycle is divided into four phases: G1, S, G2, and M. The diagram sh ows this cycle, alongwith events that occur in each phase. Follow the prompts below. v Color the phase in which most cell growth occurs BLUE v Color the phase in which DNA replication occurs RED. v Color the phase in which preparation for mitosis G2 occurs in YELLOW. v Color the phase in which mitosis and cytokinesis occur in GREEN. 4. Which three phases make upinterphase? GI M 5. Which of the following best describes cancer? Circle the correct answer. uncontrolled cell growth cells stop growing 6. If a dog has 72 chromosomes in a SOMATIC cell, how many chromosomes will its daughter cells have after meiosis_? mitosis_? P.In the following study, the investigators wanted to determine the role of cyclin B in controlling the cell cycle. Earlier researchers had found that extracts made from frog eggs (Xenopus) contained all the necessary proteins and machinery required for DNA replication. This included proteins that regulated the mitosis promoting factor (MPF). At the time of this study, cyclin B was show to affect MPF activity and the research group wanted to test using Xenopus egg extract in an assay. In Figure 1 (a) MPF activity was tested for its ability to phosphorylate Histone (H1) in sperm chromatin over a certain period of time. Additionally, the cyclin B concentration in the extract was measured. In figure 1b, the extract was tested after treatment with RNase which degraded only the mRNA and not RNA or FRNA in the extract. Knowing that cyclin B is a short-lived protein, why do you suppose the graph shows the results you see in figure 1b?