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- Q1: Austenitized 40 mm diameter 5140 alloy steel bar is quenched in agitated oil. Predict what is the Rockwell hardness of this bar will be at (a) its surface and (b) its center (c) What do you think about the difference in hardness number between the center and surface (d) Differentiate between hardness and hardenability (e) Rank the steels in the figure below from lowest to highest hardenability and explain why. 600- Bar diameter (mm) 100 80 60 40 20 0 300 0 Cooling rate at 700°C (°C/sec). -150 55 0 تنا 25 ------- 5 S 10 12.5 8 M-R L 1/2 34-R Agitated oil 15 20 ¼ ¾ Distance from quenched end. De (Jominy distance) 5,5 54 Car Bar diameter (in.) 0 25 mm. 1 in. Hardness (Rockwell C) Where (C = center, S = surface, M-R = mid-radius) 2828 292 65 60- 55- 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 0 J 10 5140 30 20 Distance from quenched end (mm) 4340 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 Distance from quenched end (sixteenths of an inch) 40 9840 4140 8640 50Q1: Austenitized 40 mm diameter 5140 alloy steel bar is quenched in agitated oil. Predict what is the Rockwell hardness of this bar will be at (a) its surface and (b) its center (c) What do you think about the difference in hardness number between the center and surface (d) Differentiate between hardness and hardenability (e) Rank the steels in the figure below from lowest to highest hardenability and explain why. Cooling rate at 700°C (°C/sec) 300 150 011/3 55 100 600 Bar diameter (mm) 80 60 40 20 0 OLL 0 0 ww 25 12.5 8 5 S -------------- M-R 10 3/4-R Agitated oil 15 20 1/4 3/4 Distance from quenched end. De (Jominy distance) 5.5 4 3 Bar diameter (in.) 0 25 mm 1 in. Hardness (Rockwell C) Where (C = center, S = surface, M-R mid-radius) 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 0 10 1 20 Distance from quenched end (mm) 5140 1 30 L 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 Distance from quenched end (sixteenths of an inch) 4340 40 9840 4140 8640 50The TTT diagram for a 1077 eutectoid steel is given. Explain the heat treatment process to form 50% Fine Pearlite + 50% Coarse Bainite. 800 A 1400 Eutectoid temperature 700 A 1200 600 1000 500 B 800 400 A 300 600 M(start) 200 M + A 50% 400 M(50%) М190%) 100 200 10-1 1 10 102 103 104 105 Time (s) Temperature (°C) Temperature (°F)
- What is the reason for martensite hardness?A shear pin made from a 4340 steel (0.4% C) fails by ductile fracture. It was supposed to be initially normalised, austenitised, quenched and tempered to 100% martensite to give a hardness of 5.5 GPa. The hardness was measured to be 4.5 GPa. Which of the following summaries most accurately accounts for what may have gone wrong? O Insufficiently heating the steel would result in partial austenitisation, leading to only partial martensite after quenching and a reduction in final hardness. The temper could still occur at the correct conditions and still lead to an insufficient strength and encouraging ductile failure. O Performing a full austenitisation but then cooling slower than the critical cooling rate for the alloy would allow some ferrite/pearlite to form after the martensite reaction has finished. This would be softer than the tempered martensite and so reduce the final hardness. O Assuming a full austenitisation and then cooling faster than the critical cooling rate, the hardness…1. Why does the tensile strength of steel, which contains only austenite at room temperature, differ fromsteel that shows only pearlite in its microstructure? Give two important reasons for the difference. 2. What general prerequ_isites exist for the formation of martensite in steel? 3. What is an isothermal transformation of a material in the solid state condition? 4. Draw a typical isothermal transformation diagram for plain .carbon eutectoid steel and indicate thevarious decomposition products expected by simple diagrammatic drawing.
- Draw Iron - Iron Carbide Phase diagram and show the following: 1- Temperature, phases and carbon weight for Eutectic. 2- Temperature, phases and carbon weight for Eutectoid Thecementite, 3- austenite, ferrite, delta phases with their 4- Types of ferrous alloys on different carbon rates. 5- Draw the phase at T= 700 CD and 0.7 wt% C what is its name ? temperatures and carbon weight.Answer with true (T) or false (F), corrects the wrong phrases, and gives short reason(s) for correct and corrected statements: 1- Normalized steels have better strength and toughness as compared to annealed steels. 2- Ferrous alloys are most important and widely used in comparison to any other metals. 3- Metals of BCC crystal structure are denser than metals of FCC structure. 4- Hypo-eutectoid steels fully annealed by heating to about 30°C above the upper critical temperature. X A3 5- The full martensite microstructure can be obtained by cooling the steels with any cooling rate. 6- There is a large volume expansion when martensite forms from austenite.,4-Transformation in eutectoid steels is named as a. Austenitizing b. Carburizing c. Decarburizing d. Nitriding 5-Which of the following types of cast iron includes black flakes of graphite in it? a. White cast iron b.Grey cast iron c. Ductile cast iron d.Malleable cast iron 6- Nodules of graphite are observed in the microstructure of a. White cast iron b. Malleable cast iron c. Spheroidal cast iron d. All of the above.
- Answer with true (T) or false (F), corrects the wrong phrases, and gives short reason(s) for correct and corrected statements: 1- Normalized steels have better strength and toughness as compared to annealed steels. 2- Ferrous alloys are most important and widely used in comparison to any other metals. 3- Metals of BCC crystal structure are denser than metals of FCC structure. 4- Hypo-eutectoid steels fully annealed by heating to about 30°C above the upper critical temperature. 5- The full martensite microstructure can be obtained by cooling the steels with any cooling rate. 6- There is a large volume expansion when martensite forms from austenite.Rank the six microstructures of steel in general order of least ductile to most ductile. (bainite, coarse pearlite, fine pearlite, martensite, spheroidite, tempered martensite)Describe the final microstructure obtained in a 1050 steel after heat at 8200C, cooled to 7000C and hold for 5 s, cooled to room temperature. 900- a+y 800 A, 700 A1 F, Pr a+ pearlite 23 600 -y+a+pearlite 30 500 B1 y+ bainite Bainite 39 F=Ferrite B, M, 400 49 P=Pearlite 300 Y+ martensite B=Bainite 200 Martensite M=Martensite 62 100- 102 10 10 10 10 0.1 1 10 Time (s) TTT curve for carbon steel AISI 1050 Temperature (°C) Rockwell C hardness