The hormones insulin and glucagon play an important role in the regulation of plasma glucose. a) Discuss the antagonistic actions of the hormones insulin and glucagon in regulating blood glucose levels within a narrow physiological range.
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The hormones insulin and glucagon play an important role in the
regulation of plasma glucose.
a) Discuss the antagonistic actions of the hormones insulin and
glucagon in regulating blood glucose levels within a narrow
physiological range.
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Solved in 4 steps
- Bodybuilders have been known to inject insulin to increase muscle mass because it stimulates protein anabolism. What is one of the risks associated with this practice in terms of K+ levels: elevated blood plasma K+ (hyperkalemia) or decreased blood plasma K+ (hypokalemia)? Could the practice of injecting insulin to increase muscle mass be fatal?Antagonistic Hormone a) Describe how glucagon and insulin function to regulate blood sugar levels. b) Explain why they are considered to be antagonistic hormones.(human physiology) 1) Match the insulin types (1-3) with the plots (A-C)? Explain? 2) Oral administration (e.g. in the form of pills) of insulin and subcutaneous administration, which is more effective? Why? 3) Why are elderly, sedentary, obese and regular smokers at high risk of diabetes?
- Would a metabolic rational for a child who has a similar diet to other children but after infections or vigorous exercise has low blood glucose levels and increased lactic acid in the blood along with potential lethargy, shakiness and irritability be type 1 diabetes? Noting that an effective treatment for them is alanine supplementation in the diet.Explain why a common diagnostic test for diabetes involves orally administering a glucose solution to an individual and then measuring the concentration of blood glucose two hours later.Which of the following is TRUE regarding the general use of alcohol in diabetes? Question 60 options: a) Alcohol should be limited to 2 or fewer servings per day b) Clients can use alcohol in unlimited quantities unless they are pregnant c) A serving of alcohol is considered part of the carbohydrate allowance d) Alcohol contributes to hypoglycemia and should be avoided completely
- Discuss how diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) occurs and its clinical manifestations. In your response be sure to address the following points (i) the three events that characterize DKA; (ii) the underlying molecular causes of each of the three events; (iii) the clinical manifestations and treatments of DKA.(c) Discuss the mechanism of action of the enzyme chymotrypsin.What are the common causes of hypoglycemia in diabetes? Explain in detail.
- In a diagnostic examination of a patient’s thyroid, the patient, who weights 70 kg, is given a capsule containing 10 micro Ci 131I. Thirty percent of the radioiodine is rapidly taken up by the thyroid, whose weight is estimated as 30 g. Given that 1) the biological half-life of iodine in the thyroid is 120 days, 2) the radiological half-life 131I is 8 days, and 3) the average absorbed energy in the thyroid is 0.21 MeV per disintegration, calculate the a) effective half-life of the radioiodine in the thyroid, in days, b) effective turnover rate of the radioiodine in the thyroid, in percent day-1, c) mean residence time of the radioiodine in the thyroid, in days, d) time for 90% of the radioiodine to be cleared from the thyroid, and e) committed dose to the thyroid, in cGyWhat is the structural difference between insulin produced by the body and synthetic insulin given to diabetes patients? Provide images, description and explanation.64 An investigator is studying the mechanism of action of an insulin-sensitizing drug. The addition of the drug to cultured mouse hepatocytes is observed, and results show increased phosphorylation and inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase Which of the following processes is most likely inhibited by this action of the drug? A) Fatty acid oxidation B) Fatty acid synthesis C) Glycogen synthesis D) Glycolysis E) Protein synthesis