The parathyroid hormone (PTH) is important in the regulation of what analyte? 1) Calcium and phosphorous 2) Vitamin D 3) Thyroxine 4) Magnesium no references, just homework
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The parathyroid hormone (PTH) is important in the regulation of what analyte?
1) Calcium and phosphorous
2) Vitamin D
3) Thyroxine
4) Magnesium
no references, just homework
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- The pancreas produces tiny amounts of insulin 24 hours a day. This small amount of insulin keeps glucose levels stable between meals and during sleep. This tiny continuous production of insulin is called:a) Basal insulinb) Bolus insulin1. In thyrotoxicosis (Basedow’s diisease) excessive secretion of thyroid thyroxine hormone is observed and it is often accompanied by the increase in body tem- perature. Explain the reason for the increase in body temperature in this disease. For this purpose:a) draw the scheme of the process that maintains the temperature of the body;b) name the mechanism of the thyroxine effect on this process;c) show how the rate of О2 absorption by mitochon- dria of the cells will change in thyrotoxicosis.Which of the following is not correct about phosphorylation by IRS on serine residue? a) Target tissues fail to respond to circulating insulin b) It increases insulin levels c) It is an inhibitory phosphorylation d) It is molecular mechanism for insulin resistance
- In order for vitamin D to be actively formed, which of the following actions is required in the body? 1. chemical conversion in the liver and kidney to its active form 2. increased fluid intake to maintain homeostasis 3. increased calcium levels stimulate PTH release to restore adequate serum levels 4. conversion of vitamin D metabolites in the liver to its active form of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3Under stressful conditions epinephrine is released from the adrenal medulla. The release of epinephrine has which of the following effects on glucose metabolism? A) glycogenolysis is stimulated B) glycogenesis is inhibited C) adenylate cyclase is activated D) Both A and B E) All of the aboveLeptin and insulin have similar functions; both are hormones that: A) inhibit NPY release and activate POMC neurons in the arcuate nucleus. B) are secreted by fat cells in the body. C) increase hunger, eating behavior, and calorie intake in humans.
- In case of a heart attack, a hormone is injected as an emergency measure, Which one is it? A) Thyroxine B) Adrenaline C) Heparin D) Insulin1) Gross Anatomy and Basic Function of the Endocrine Glands a)Both the endocrine and nervous systems are major regulating systems of the body; however, the nervous system has been compared to a text message, and the endocrine system to mailing a letter. Briefly explain this comparison. b) Chemically, hormones belong chiefly to two molecular groups, the___ and the___ c) If hormones travel in the bloodstream, why don't all tissues respond to all hormones?The amount of _____produced is probably the most important hormonal factor in determining BMR . a) ADH b) insulin d) prolactin e) thyroxine
- A male patient was admitted to hospital because his extremities were cyanotic (blue in colour) and he had some convulsions. His blood sugar levels indicated that he was hypoglycemic. The doctors initially gave him glucose intravenously as well as adding it to his diet, but his blood sugar level did not stabilize. However, when the doctors introduced glucagon, the blood sugar levels stabilized. The patient was diagnosed as having a deficiency in glucagon. Select the item below that describes an effect of this condition. Select one: a. The liver breaks down glycogen to glucose, increasing the blood glucose concentration. b. The liver cannot break down glycogen to glucose, so the blood glucose remains low. c. The adipose tissue breaks down fat to form glycogen, keeping blood glucose low. d. The muscle cells cannot store glycogen, so the blood glucose remains high.1.20-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus was hospitalized with confused consciousness,fever,nausea,vomiting and fruity smelling breath. A urine sample was strongly positive for ketone bodies.Why would an insulin injection decrease her ketone body production? For the answer: a) indicatethe causes of diabetes mellitus:describe the scheme of signal transduction by insulin. b)compare the blood glucose levels in healthy patients and in patients with diabetes mellitus; c)explain why ketone bodies synthesis is activated in this patient: describe the schemes of ketone bodies synthesis and oxidation.Thyroxine is a peptide hormone, but its mechanism is different from other peptide hormones. Which of the following statements is true concerning this difference? A) It does not require a second messenger to initiate a response B) It is a steroid hormone but acts like an amino-acid based hormone C) inhibits cellular metabolism and targets all cells D) Its production is controlled by a positive feedback mechanism E) It is very specific in the cell type it targets.