The phenotype and genotype of a population is due to a "mosaic" of random and directed processes whereby some have to do with history and others related to adaption and other factors. Why is this so?
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- 6. A particular genetic disorder is associated with a single gene with two alleles. Individuals with two recessive alleles are affected. The prevalence of the disorder is 1 in 6,600. Assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of the following is closest to the frequency of carriers in the general population? 0/1 Show Your Work 0.01230 0.00015 0.98770 0.024301. What is the expected time to fixation in generations for a new mutation in a diploid population (like humans) with an effective population size of 50? This new mutation is neutral and has no impact on fitness (e.g. synonymous polymorphism). Assuming the mutation isn’t lost immediately, will it reach fixation faster in a population of Ne=500 or Ne=5,000 and why?1.) Natural Selection: Of the three genotypes (AA, Aa, and aa), which of the three genotypes will be selected for under the current conditions? In other words, which of the three genotypes will increase in frequency? What if medical science were able to hold off the effects of AIDS for indefinite periods of time so that it became common for people with AIDS to live long enough and well enough to have children. What would this do to the frequency of the resistance allele and the incidence of AIDS? Support your answer. 2.) Even though anti-HIV drugs may prevent evolution towards resistance, can you justify not using anti-HIV drugs if they are available? Your response should consider scientific and ethical perspectives.
- 4) In a certain population, 49% of the individuals show the recessive phenotype. In nine generations, what will the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype be assuming that the population is in the HWE? 49 ndividuals1. THE PROCESS BY WHICH ORGANISMS CHANGE OVER TIME IS KNOWN AS 2. THE PROCESS WHEREBY ORGANISMS THAT ARE BETTER ADAPTED TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT TEND TO SURVIVE AND PRODUCE MORE OFFSPRING IS KNOWN AS 3. WHO DEVELOPED THE THEORY OF USE AND DISUSE? 4. WHICH THEORISTS SUGGESTED THAT ORGANISMS CAN "ACQUIRE" THE TRAITS NEEDED TO SURVIVE DURING A LIFE TIME? 5. WHICH THEORISTS SUGGESTED THAT ORGANISMS WITH BETTER TRAITS CAN SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE TO PASS THOSE FAVORABLE TRAITS TO THEIR OFFSPRING? 6. GENETIC VARIATION WAS A MAJOR FACTOR IN WHOSE THEORY? 7. "SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST" WAS COINED BY WHO?3. In a given population, only the "A" and "B" alleles are present in the ABO system; there are no individuals with type "O" blood or with O alleles in this particular population. If 200 people have type A blood, 75 have type AB blood, and 25 have type B blood, what are the alleleic frequencies of this population (i.e., what are p and q)?
- 2. What is the role of variation in evolution – if heterozygosity is reduced, what happens to the potential for evolution? The phenotype (and genotype) of a population is due to a "mosaic" of random and directed processes. Some of these have to do with history; some are related to adaptation, etc. As completely as possible, discuss the role of chance and direction in evolution and in determining the phenotype of a population.If the genotype frequencies in a population are 0.60 AA, 0.20 Aa, and 0.20 aa, and if the requirements of the HardyWeinberg principle apply, the genotype frequencies in the offspring generation will be: a. 0.60 AA, 0.20 Aa, 0.20 aa. b. 0.36 AA, 0.60 Aa, 0.04 aa. c. 0.49 AA, 0.42 Aa, 0.09 aa. d. 0.70 AA, 0.00 Aa, 0.30 aa. e. 0.64 AA, 0.32 Aa, 0.04 aa.1. A sample of 600 individuals from a population is examined for the presence of the HindIII polymorphism in an autsomal Sca gene. There are two alleles of Sca gene, A and a. The results are 14 individuals are AA, 212 are Aa, 374 are aa. Please answer the following questions accordingly? How many alleles are present in the gene pool in the sample population fort he Sca gene? What are the genotype frequencies? What are the frequencies of A and a alleles? What are the expected numbers of the three genotypes, assuming random
- 20. A large population of laboratory animals has been allowed to breed randomly for a number of generations. After several generations, 25% of the animals display a recessive trait (aa), the same percentage as at the beginning of the breeding program. The rest of the animals show the dominant phenotype, with heterozygotes indistinguishable from the homozygous dominants. What proportion of the population is probably heterozygous (Aa) for this trait? (LS3-3) * 0.05 0.25 0.50 O 0.751. Definitions of phenotype, genotype, allele, gene, microevolution, macroevolution 2. Know that in humans, most of the genetic variation is observed within populations, and know why that is. 3. Know the 4 processes of evolution (3 neutral + natural selection) 4. Know that evolution isn't progressive and doesn't necessarily lead to more complexity 5. Know that evolution can lead to traits that decrease survival (ex: sexual selection)7. In a study of a Native tribe in North America, researchers found 26 albino individuals in a population of 6000. The type of albinism found is controlled by a single gene with just two alleles, and albinism is recessive to normal skin coloration. a. Assuming Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, what is the frequency of the allele for albinism in this population? b. What is the frequency of carriers of the albinism allele (i.e., heterozygous) in this population, again assuming Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?