The removal of phenol in an industrial waste stream by microorganisms can becharacterized as a first-order reaction. The reaction rate coefficient was measured ina batch system, k = 0.05 min¯¹. The proposed reactor size is constrained by existingprocess equipment to a square area 20 x 20 m. The effective liquid depth can be nogreater than 2 m. For a flowrate of 10 m³/min, what is the most efficient reactorconfiguration: a single CMF, 4 CMF's in series, or a PF reactor? Support yourdecision with computations.

Step 1: To determine the most efficient reactor configuration for the removal of phenol in the…

Answered: The removal of phenol in an industrial…

Sustainable Energy

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781337551663

Author:DUNLAP, Richard A.

Publisher:DUNLAP, Richard A.

Chapter14: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion And Ocean Salinity Gradient Energy

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Problem 20P

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Environmental Engineering: Water Treatment Please consider each of the following points: a. Determine the required residence time for each reactor of 3 equal volume CSTRs in series given a zero-order reaction with a reaction rate constant, k = -5 mg/L hr. The influent concentration is 125 mg/L and 95% conversion is required across the three-reactor system. What is the total reactor system residence time? b. Determine the required residence time for a single CSTR given the same conditions. c. Determine the required residence time for a PFR given the same conditions. d. Why are all three residence time the same?
An ideal continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) has an influent containing Chemical X at a concentration of 150 mg/l and a flow rate of 100 gpm (380 liters/min). Chemical X undergoes a first-order decay reaction having k = 0.40 hr –1 . Determine: 1a. The required detention time and volume of the CSTR if the effluent concentration contains 20 mg/l of Chemical X. Express the volume in both gallons and liters. 1b. Use a spreadsheet to perform the necessary calculations and then use the spreadsheet's graphing tools to plot two graphs; i. Pollutant removal efficiency, 1e, on the vertical or y-axis versus hydraulic detention time on the horizontal or x-axis. ii. Effluent concentration, CX1 , on the vertical or y-axis versus hydraulic detention time on horizontal or x-axis. Analyze and comment on the significance of the graphs. 1c. How many times larger must a CSTR be than a PFR to achieve 80 percent pollutant removal or conversion? 1d. How many times larger must a CSTR be than a PFR to…
Environmental Engineering: Three (3) continuously stirred tank reactors are to be used in series. All the reactors have a similar volume. The influent flow has a concentration 100 mg/L of A and a flow rate of 200 l/min. The reaction is first order and the rate constant is 0.30 hr-1. Using the given information: a. Determine the mean residence time and volume of each reactor if the removal or conversion of A is 90%. b. What are the concentrations of A and the rate of conversion in each reactor?
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A wastewater flow with the following characteristics is to be treated in a completely mixed activated-sludge system. This system is operated at the sludge age of 10d and treats wastewater flowing at 18,000 m3/d. Average influent BOD is 200 mg/L and 92% BOD removal has been achieved. Yield is 0.4 kg biomass/kg BOD and decay coefficient is kd = 0.06 d1. The reactor is designed to operate at a biomass concentration of 2,500 mg/L and the biomass concentration in return sludge is 15,000 mg/L. The mass of solids wasted each day? () tonne/d (*No unit)
A waste stream flows at 2,000 liters/day with a concentration of 60 mg/l of hazardous chemicalA. The chemical undergoes a first-order decay reaction with k = 0.01/sec. Complete performanceanalyses of the three common ideal chemical reactors to determine the effluent concentration ofchemical A for the following conditions:1. CSTR, V = 500 liters2. PFR, V = 14 liters3. Batch Reactor, V = 500 liters (i.e., 4 batches of waste processed per day to handle thetotal daily volume of 2,000 liters) with a reaction time τ = 10 min.Compare and contrast the performance of each reactor type.
Environmental Engineering: A plug-flow reactor (PFR) has an influent flow with a concentration of 100 mg/L of A and a flow rate of 200 L/min. The reaction is first order and the rate constant is 0.30 hr-1. Find: a. The required detention time and the required volume if the removal or conversion of A is 90%. b. If the reactor is a batch reactor, calculate the required reaction time if the removal or conversion of A is 90%. c. If the reactor is a CSTR, how many times larger must a CSTR be to a Plug-Flow reactor for 90% removal?
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4 An activated sludge system is to be used for secondary treatment of 10,000 m³/d of municipal wastewater. After primary clarification, the BOD is 150 mg/L, and it is desired to have not more than 5 mg/L of soluble BOD in the effluent. A completely mixed reactor is to be used, and pilot-plant analysis has established the following kinetic values: Y = 0.5 kg/kg, k, = 0.05 d-¹. Assuming an MLSS concentration of 3000 mg/L and an underflow concentration of 10,000 mg/L from the secondary clarifier (MLVSS=0.8MLSS) determine (1) the volume of the reactor, (2) the mass and volume of solids that must be wasted each day, and (3) the recycle ratio.
Develop a mathematical expression of three phase fluidized bed reactor for first order catalytic reaction A - B, accounting for reactant A at any level Z in the bed
You are considering available options to meet new effluent quality standards for a particular contamination being treated at your plant. Currently you are operating with two reactors connected in parallel as shown in Figure 1(a). One reactor is a plug flow reactor (PFR), the other is a completely stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The following information is available: Design flow, Q: 60 L/min Influent concentration, Co: 10 mg/L Order of reaction: 1st Order Decay constant, k: 0.25 min! Volume of PFR, Vp: 360 L Volume of CSTR, Vc: 2280 L Using the above information, determine: a. The residence time, t, in each reactor; b. The effluent concentration from the PFR; C. The effluent concentration from the CSTR. d. The resulting effluent quality with the two reactors in parallel. You want to investigate whether operating these reactors in series will allow the required effluent standard of 0.25 mg/L to be met. You are therefore proposing the new configuration for the reactors shown in Figure 1(b)…
For an SBR process, the sludge takes 45 minutes to settle and the depth of liquid in the reactor is 40% of the depth of the reactor after draw-off to prevent disturbing the settled sludge. The draw-off period takes an additional 20 minutes after the settle face. An idle time of 10 minutes is to be allowed. What is the required volume of each of the tanks in 2-tank and 3-tank SBR systems to handle a flow of 55000 M cubed per day to provide a react time of 60 minutes

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