This table shows a game played between two players, A and B. The payoffs in the table are shown as (Payoff to A, Payoff to B). B Left Center (6, 2) (4, 6) (5, 5) Right К3, 1) (5, 7) (4, 3) Up Middle (1, 4) (2, 2) (3, 2) Down Which of the following outcomes represents a Nash equilibrium in the game? | (Up, Center) (Middle, Right) (Down, Left) (Down, Center)
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- Game theory Consider a simultaneous move game with two players. Player 1 has three possible actions (A, B, or C) and Player 2 has two possible actions (D or E.) In the payoff matrix below, each cell contains the payoff for Player 1 followed by the payoff for Player 2. Player 2 7. Player 1 ہے A B C D -3, -3 0, -11 -4, 3 -11, E 0 -7, -7 -12, 0 (a) Identify any dominated strategies in this game. If there are none, state this clearly. (b) Identify any pure strategy Nash Equilibria in this game. If there are none, state this clearly.a. The president of a Japanese electronics company, Takashi Hashiyama, famously chose the auction housefor his company’s art collection by having representatives from two auction houses, Christie’s and Sotheby’s,play a round of rock-paper-scissors. At stake were millions of dollars in commissions. Show the payoff matrixfor a game where the payoff is 1 if you win, 0 if you tie, and -1 if you lose. I’m sure you know this already, butjust in case: rock breaks scissors, scissors cut paper, and paper smothers rock. Here’s an article about the actualgame if you’re interested. b. If you were in a high stakes game…Consider the following price game: Firm 1 Firm 2 High Low High 20, 20 12, 24 Low 24, 12 14, 14 Remark: In simultaneous move games (games with rows and columns) theconvention is to write the row player’s payoff first and the column player’spayoff second. (a) What is the Nash equilibrium of this game? Recall that for each playeryou should find the best response to each of the opponents’ strategies andunderline the associated payoff. Then look for a cell where both strategiesare best responses to each other. This is a Nash equilibrium. (b) Does either firm have a dominate strategy (a strategy that is always abest response)?
- Consider the following game: Player 2 In Out Player 1 In -2,-2 2, 0 Out 0, 2 0, 0 (a) What is the Nash equilibrium of this game, or what are the Nash equilibriaof this game? (b) Does either firm have a dominate strategy (a strategy that is always abest response)? Which? (c) Suppose Player 1 could move before Player 2 and Player 2 could observe Player 1’s move. What do you think would happen?5. The following problem was first considered by John von Neumann and is a fundamentalresult game theory.A and B play the following game:A writes down either number 1 or number 2, and B must guess which one.If the number that A has written down is i and B has guessed correctly, B receives i units from A.If B makes a wrong guess, B pays 4/5 of a unit to A.First we consider the expected gain of player B.Suppose B guesses 1 with probability p and 2 with probability 1 −p.Let X1 denote B’s gain (or loss) in a game where A has written down 1.Let X2 denote B’s gain (or loss) in a game where A has written down 2.(a) Find the pmf of X1 and X2(b) Find B’s expected gain for these two cases, E[X1] and E[X2].(c) What value of p maximizes the minimum possible value of B’s expected gain?Now consider the expected loss of player ASuppose that A writes down 1 with probability q and 2 with probability 1 −q.Let Y1 be A’s loss (or gain) if B chooses number 1.Let Y2 be A’s loss (or gain) if B…Table 8. This table shows a game played between two players, A and B. The payoffs are given in the table as (Payoff to A, Payoff to B). A Select one: Up Middle Down Left (4,2) a. Middle-Center O b. Down-Center (3, 1) (1,3) B Center (2,5) (5, 3) (4,4) Refer to Table 8. This table shows a game played between two players, A and B. The payoffs in the table are shown as (Payoff to A, Payoff to B). Which of the following outcomes represents a Nash equilibrium in the game? Right (3, 3) (5,2) (6, 1) O c. Up-Left O d. More than one of the above is a Nash equilibrium in this game.
- Aedri Quick Lesson in Game Theory A Nash Equilibrium is an outcome in which neither player is better off by changing their strategy. 2.7 Is a Dominant Strategy equilibrium also a Nash equilibrium? a) Yes b) No esc The Ice Cream Guys $3.99 $4.99 + Chucky's Chunky CCT: $20,000 $3.99 ICG: $20,000 CCT: $60,000 ICG: $10,000 tab Treats CCT: $10,000 $4.99 ICG: $60,000 CCT: $40,000 ICG: $40,000 The table above is the payoff matrix for the annual profit of the only two ice-cream-truck firms operating in Beach City. They are deciding the price of an ice cream cone. %3D caps lo 2.8 What is Chucky's dominant strategy? a) $3.99 b) $4.99 c) Not enough information hift 2.9 What is the dominant strategy equilibrium in this situation? a) Both charge $3.99 b) Both charge $4.99 c) CCT charges $3.99 and ICG charges $4.99 d) CCT charges $4.99 and ICG charges $3.99 2.10 Suppose these two firms engaged in collusion (which, of course, totally doesn't happen because it is against the law). Which outcome would…3 Use the following payoff matrix for a one-shot game to answer the accompanying questions. 20 oints eBook Player 1 Strategy A B Player 2 X Y 12, 12 -30, 6 6, -30 30, 30 a. Determine the Nash equilibrium outcomes that arise if the players make decisions independently, simultaneously, and without any communication. Instructions: In order to receive full credit, you must make a selection for each option. For correct answer(s), click the box once to place a check mark. For incorrect answer(s), click twice to empty the box. ? (-30, 6) (12.12) ? (6.-30) ? (30, 30) Which of these outcomes would you consider most likely? O (30,30) O(-30, 6) O (12, 12) O(6,-30) b. Suppose player 1 is permitted to "communicate" by uttering one syllable before the players simultaneously and independently make their decisions. What should player 1 utter? OA OB What outcome do you think would occur as a result? O (12, 12) O (-30, 6) O (30, 30) 0 (6,-30) c. Suppose player 2 can choose its strategy before player 1,…rock paper scissors гock 0. -3 1 рарer 1. -1 scissors -1 3 0. (a) Show that xT= ( ) and yT= (3) together are not a Nash equilibrium 3 3 313 for this modified game. (b) Formulate a linear program that can be used to calculate a mixed strategy x € A(R) that maximises Rosemary's security level for this modified game. (c) Solve your linear program using the 2-phase simplex algorithm. You should use the format given in lectures. Give a mixed strategy x E A(R) that has an optimal security level for Rosemary and a mixed strategy y E A(C) that has an optimal security level for Colin.
- Game theory Consider a simultaneous move game with two players. Player 1 has three possible actions (A, B, or C) and Player 2 has two possible actions (D or E.) In the payoff matrix below, each cell contains the payoff for Player 1 followed by the payoff for Player 2. Player 2 7. Player 1 A B C D -3, -3 0, -11 -4, 3 -11, E 0 -7, -7 -12, 0 (a) Identify any dominated strategies in this game. If there are none, state this clearly. (b) Identify any pure strategy Nash Equilibria in this game. If there are none, state this clearly1. For the following game Player B Player A Left 7,17 10,5 4,4 Middle Right 14,11 4,3 10,25 21,21 Тop Middle 14,4 Bottom 7,3 a) Determine the Nash equilibrium is any? b) Represent the game sequentially starting with player 1 and determine the sub-game perfect equilibrium c) Represent the game sequentially starting with player 2 and determine the sub-game perfect equilibrium d) Find the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium of the following game e) Firm 1 Firm 2 High price Low price High price 4,3 2,4 Low price 2,4 3,3Solve for the Nash equilibrium (or equilibria) in each of the following games. (a) The following two-by-two game is a little harder to solve since firm 2’spreferred strategy depends of what firm 1 does. But firm 1 has a dominantstrategy so this game has one Nash equilibrium. Firm 2 Launch Don’tFirm 1 Launch 60, -10 100, 0 Don’t 80, 30 120, 0 What is the Nash equilibrium of this simultaneous-move game? (b) What would the outcome of this game be if instead firm 1 moved first and then, after seeing what firm 1 chose, firm 2 chose it strategy? In this case firm 1 doesn’t necessarily need to choose a best response, but firm 2 must choose a best response since it moves second.
