Vaccine development for diseases caused by protists (e.g., malaria, Chagas’ disease) has been much less successful than for bacterial or viral diseases. Discuss one biological reason and one geopolitical reason for this fact
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Vaccine development for diseases caused by protists (e.g., malaria, Chagas’ disease) has been much less successful than for bacterial or viral diseases. Discuss one biological reason and one geopolitical reason for this fact
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- In a case study, scientists frequently infer that Malignant transformation of hymenolepis nana in human host occurred because of the patient’s HIV/AIDS status and resultant immunocompromised state. When N=1, is such an inference statistically justified? In addition to Yes or No, jot down your thoughts on the possible association between AIDS and this case.topic: Zika Virus write summary on a virus and its tropism for specific hosts, tissues, or cells. For example, you may want to discuss: the distribution/expression of the relevant cell surface receptor or other factors modulating viral entry, or you may want to focus on the environment in a specific niche that makes it conducive for infection by the virus. You can also choose to research a tangential topic like how tropism is considered in vaccine development. thank you-Three methods have been used to try to eliminate malaria. One is to eliminate the mosquito vectors of the parasite, a second is to kill the parasites after they have entered the human body, and the third is to develop a vaccine against the parasite, allowing the human immune system to provide protection from the disease. Which do you suppose is the most promising in the long run? Why? Think about both the biology of the disease and the efficacy of carrying out each of the methods on a large scale .
- A malaria vaccine has proved to be 77% effective in early trials and could be a major breakthrough against the disease, says the University of Oxford team behind it. Malaria kills more than 400,000 people a year, mostly children in sub-Saharan Africa. But despite many vaccines being trialled over the years, this is the first to meet the required target. The researchers say this vaccine could have a major public health impact. When trialled in 450 children in Burkina Faso, the vaccine was found to be safe, and showed "high-level efficacy" over 12 months of follow-up. Larger trials in nearly 5,000 children between the ages of five months and three years will now be carried out across four African countries to confirm the findings. Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through mosquito bites. Although preventable and curable, the World Health Organization estimates there were 229 million cases worldwide in 2019 and 409,000 deaths.…Which of the following highly contagious viruses is a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus with a helical capsid and envelope and is transmitted by coming in contact with respiratory secretions? "This is a highly contagious respiratory illness transmitted when an infected person coughs or sneezes virus particles into the air," the health department said in a written statement. "It's so contagious that if one person is sick and spreading measles, nine out of 10 people around them who aren't immune will get it, too." Group of answer choices a. Measles b. Parvovirus c. Coxsackie virus A d. RhinovirusDiscuss how the SARS-CoV-2 virus causes Covid-19 disease became a "new" zoonotic disease and has resulted in a "fast" spreading World-Wide Pandemic. how has it evolute as a zoonotic disease, the mechanism of infection in humans, symptoms of disease, treatment and prevention. Describe how to "flatten" the curve and make the epidemic a "slow" epidemic by acting as a "social" vaccine.
- In 2013, there was an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus (MRSA) at an NFL training facility. One player suffereda career-ending infection to his foot and sued the team owners for $20 million for unsanitary conditions that contributed to the bacterialinfection. A settlement with undisclosed terms was reached in2017. MRSA is highly contagious and is spread by direct skin contactor by airborne transmission and can result in amputation or death.In addition, MRSA is very difficult to treat because it is resistant tomany antibiotics. For example, b -lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin,function by binding to and inactivating bacterial penicillin-bindingproteins (PBPs), which synthesize the bacterial cell wall. However,MRSA expresses an alternative type of PBP, called PBP2a encodedby the mecA gene. b -lactam antibiotics only weakly bind PBP2a,and thus cell wall synthesis can continue in their presence. Moreover,in a system somewhat analogous to the regulation of the…In 2013, there was an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus (MRSA) at an NFL training facility. One player suffereda career-ending infection to his foot and sued the team owners for $20 million for unsanitary conditions that contributed to the bacterialinfection. A settlement with undisclosed terms was reached in2017. MRSA is highly contagious and is spread by direct skin contactor by airborne transmission and can result in amputation or death.In addition, MRSA is very difficult to treat because it is resistant tomany antibiotics. For example, b -lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin,function by binding to and inactivating bacterial penicillin-bindingproteins (PBPs), which synthesize the bacterial cell wall. However,MRSA expresses an alternative type of PBP, called PBP2a encodedby the mecA gene. b -lactam antibiotics only weakly bind PBP2a,and thus cell wall synthesis can continue in their presence. Moreover,in a system somewhat analogous to the regulation of the…In 2013, there was an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus (MRSA) at an NFL training facility. One player suffereda career-ending infection to his foot and sued the team owners for $20 million for unsanitary conditions that contributed to the bacterialinfection. A settlement with undisclosed terms was reached in2017. MRSA is highly contagious and is spread by direct skin contactor by airborne transmission and can result in amputation or death.In addition, MRSA is very difficult to treat because it is resistant tomany antibiotics. For example, b -lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin,function by binding to and inactivating bacterial penicillin-bindingproteins (PBPs), which synthesize the bacterial cell wall. However,MRSA expresses an alternative type of PBP, called PBP2a encodedby the mecA gene. b -lactam antibiotics only weakly bind PBP2a,and thus cell wall synthesis can continue in their presence. Moreover,in a system somewhat analogous to the regulation of the…
- The emergence of new cases of polio linked to the oral vaccine had been reported in a number of African and Asian countries, revealing that there are now more children being paralyzed by viruses originating in vaccines than in the wild. Viral contamination of a biological may arise from many factors, from handling to the origin of the materials used in the cell culture. a What could be the reason for the outbreak in those countries? D) The method of producing attenuated “live" vaccines involve passing the disease- tausing virus through a series of cell cultures or animal embryos (typically chick embryos). Explain the procedure in details and cite the reason why the method involve passing a virus through a non-human host?Just last week the Energy Department now seems pretty confident that the coronavirus came from a lab leak: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/26/us/politics/china-lab-leak-coronavirus-pandemic.html The textbook discusses how the environment is part of the epidemiologic triangle. What is the epidemiologic triangle? (Figure 10-2, p.210). Why does it matter where this coronavirus started? Do you have any theories about how the virus was transmitted to humans?2009 H1N1 pandemic Multiple Answer: Choose all that apply to this diagram target cells for this virus are found in the digestive system The 2008 virus is a product of the reassortment of a human virus triple reassortment is implied This virus is used in phage therapy Only humans are involved in the reassortment process that results in new strains of this virus The 2008 virus in the diagram indicates that only Hemagglutinin was reassorted from an earlier strain of virus