What is the output of the following program if the parameter passing mechanism is: a) reference mechanism, variable (call by reference) b) copy mechanism, copy-in (call by value) c) copy mechanism, copy-in-copy-out (value-return technique) int x=5,y=5; int notcalled (int a) { if (a

What is the output of the following program if the parameter passing mechanism is: a) reference mechanism, variable (call by reference) b) copy mechanism, copy-in (call by value) c) copy mechanism, copy-in-copy-out (value-return technique) int x=5,y=5; int notcalled (int a) { if (a

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design

8th Edition

ISBN:9781337102087

Author:D. S. Malik

Publisher:D. S. Malik

Chapter15: Recursion

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 15SA

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Object Oriented Programming System (OOPs) is a programming model built on the perception of “objects” that contains data and methods. The major purpose of Object Oriented Programming is to increase the maintainability and flexibility of programs. Object Oriented Programming gets together data and its behavior (methods) in a single location (object) which makes it easier to understand.

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What is the output of the following program if the parameter passing mechanism is:
a) reference mechanism, variable (call by reference)
b) copy mechanism, copy-in (call by value)
c) copy mechanism, copy-in-copy-out (value-return technique)
int x=5, y=5;
int notcalled (int a) {
if (a<x)
return x+a+a;
}
else
}
void f(int a, int b) {
a)
return x
}
int main() {
x++; y;
a+=x;
b-=y;
printf("x: %d, y:%d, a:%d, b: %d\n");
int p-3,q=9;
f(p,q);
printf("x:%d, y:%d, p:%d, q: %d\n");
f(y,x);
printf("x: %d, y: %d");
return 0;
b)
d) Assume x-5 in main () and you call not called (++x). What is the value of x after the call. Assuming:
Eager evaluation, copy-in (pass by value):
c)
Normal order evaluation (pass by name):

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