Q: Explain five ways in which chemotherapeutic agents kill or damage bacterial pathogens.
A: Bacteria are microscopic organisms which belong to prokaryote because these are unicellular…
Q: Do common fungi such as bread mold produce antimicrobial compounds?
A: The fungi are cosmopolitan and are almost found everywhere. There are variety of fungi present…
Q: Explain the factors contributing to pathogenicity and virulence of microbes.
A: Not all microbes are pathogenic, only the microbes having the potential to cause disease is known as…
Q: Explain how adherence, capsules, cell wall components, and enzymes contribute to pathogenicity
A: Introduction :-Pathogenicity is defined as the ability of a pathogenic agent to cause disease in…
Q: Identify the targets of antimicrobial control agents, and explainwhat effects these agents have.
A: Microorganisms are small organism that cannot be seen by naked eyes. Microorganism can be harmful to…
Q: common neutralizing agents and methods used to inactivate the innate antimicrobial activity of a…
A: The antimicrobial agent is widely used by the medicinal industry to treat the infection. The…
Q: Differentiate among the following factors of bacterial intoxification and bacterial infection…
A: Foodborne infection is originated by the ingestion of food including living bacteria which grow and…
Q: determine the microbial virulence based on the number of colonies?
A: Microbial virulence is the microorganism ability creating damage in the host, it also gives the…
Q: One of the following is not considered as a determinant of bacterial pathogenesis? a. Transmission
A: Pathogenicity refers to a pathogen's ability to cause disease. Microbes express pathogenicity…
Q: Describe several components of pathogens that are involved inmicrobial adhesion.
A: Microorganisms or microbes are microscopic organisms that exist as unicellular, multicellular, or…
Q: What are opportunistic microorganisms?
A: Microorganisms are ultramicroscopic organisms that mainly found as unicellular, multicellular or as…
Q: Of what value is the plant pathogen Agrobacterium?
A: A plant pathogen is an organism that infects plants. While certain plant infections can affect…
Q: Construct at table to compare and contrast the 5 steps of microbial pathogenesis. How does…
A: Microbial pathogenesis is the ability of microbes, or their components, to cause infection in a host…
Q: What is microbial death? What factors affect the microbial death? What aremicrobisidal and…
A: The microbiology studies about both the diseases causing microbes and beneficiary microbes, about…
Q: Describe three groups of microorganisms that are resistant to certain chemical treatments.
A: Disinfectants are some chemical agents designed to inactivate or destroy microbes. Sterilization…
Q: Mention and explain two virulence factors of bacterial pathogens
A: Virulence factors are the molecules produced by bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa which…
Q: Identify two factors( in detail)that make biofilms more tolerant to antimicrobials including their…
A: Biofilms are a collective of one or more types of microorganisms that can grow on many different…
Q: What are the five different ways by which chemotherapeutic agents kill or damage bacterial pathogen?
A: Chemotherapeutic agents include certain types of drugs that are anti cancerous and usually…
Q: Differentiate among the following factors of bacterial intoxification and bacterial infection:…
A: Introduction A bacterial disease of the digestive system occurs as a result of bacterial ingestion.…
Q: What is meant by an opportunistic pathogen?
A: A pathogen is a disease-causing organism. Microbes are found in abundance in the body. These…
Q: How do pathogenic microbes successfully invade the body systems and cause infections or diseases to…
A: In order to cause a disease, a microbe must achieve four steps. These steps are known as stages of…
Q: What are the requirements for Microbial Viability? Describe each of them?
A: Microorganisms or microbes are microscopic organisms that exist as unicellular, multicellular, or…
Q: Correlate zoonotic bacterial infection and disease severity with bacterial virulence factors
A: Any infectious disease caused by a pathogen that has jumped from an animal to a human is known as…
Q: How might microbes establish an infection?
A: The unfold and improvement of micro organism in the frame. Infections can starts everywhere within…
Q: Why are certain gram-negative bacteria more resistant than gram-positive bacteria to antimicrobials…
A: Gram-negative bacteria are characterized by the presence of thin peptidoglycan cell wall. The…
Q: Identify three bacterial structures linked to virulence and pathogenicity.
A: Attachments (proteins attached to the cell surface), such as propellers and fimbriae; a cell…
Q: Identify three bacterial structures linked to virulence and pathogenicity.
A: A bacterial cell comprises three structural regions: attachments (proteins connected to the cell…
Q: What characteristics make a pathogen or its productsparticularly useful as a biological weapon?
A: A biological weapon as the term suggests is the weapon that includes microorganisms and it is…
Q: Explain three reasons why infection may not occur aftermicrobes enter the body.
A: The microbe utilizes the body to sustain, reproduce and colonize itself. These pathogenic tiny…
Q: Describe the modes of transmission of microbes.
A: The pathogenic microbes spread from one host to another by several modes. These are referred to as…
Q: Mention and Explain two (2) virulence factors of bacterial pathogens
A: Microorganisms develop or secrete some factors that can evoke pathogenicity in the host, called…
Q: Please discuss the different environmental factors that influence microbial growth. What would be…
A: Microbes or microorganisms are organisms that are microscopic in size and cannot usually be seen…
Q: What is the optimum growth temperature for most human pathogens? Explain.
A: Bacterial growth is the division of one bacterium into two daughter cells in a process called binary…
Q: Explain the role of pylori in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers. Which populations are most…
A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: What are the reasons for the failure of antimicrobial treatment?
A: Introduction: Antimicrobials are substances that kill or cause the inhibition of bacterial growth.…
Q: Explain the mechanism of microbial pathogenicity starting on how they enter their host up to how…
A: The pathogen is a sort of infectious bacterium that causes disease in the host after it enters the…
Q: Which of the following microbial virulence factors helps to acquire rare ionic nutrients within the…
A: Siderophores is the microbial virulence factor that helps tissues of animal host to acquire ionic…
Q: Explain five ways in which chemotherapeutic agents kill or damage bacterial pathogens
A: Chemotherapeutic agents such as antibiotics are used to kill bacteria.
Q: How is UV radiation a good type of control mechanism against microbial growth? Explain what happens…
A: UV-C is most commonly used to kill microbes. However UV of different wavelength can show different…
Q: Differentiate between a microbe’s pathogenicity and its virulence.
A: Microbes are minute living organisms that can be found all around us but cannot be seen with the…
What structures or substances that can increase microbial virulence or pathogenicity and explain the mechanism of that structure or substance?
Step by step
Solved in 4 steps
- Explain how specialized structures (e.g., spore, capsule, fimbriae, or flagella) enable a microbe to survive in a given environment or contribute to pathogenesis.Our environment contains masses of microorganisms, many of which reside as commensal organisms on our body’s mucosal and epithelial surfaces without causing disease. What two features distinguish a pathogenic microbe from these commensal microbes?Why is it necessary to develop new generations of antimicrobial medications?
- What is an opportunistic pathogen?Below are a list of virulence factors/ strategies paired with an example of an organism that utilizes them. How do each of the following strategies contribute to the virulence of the pathogen? Strategy - Causes the host to produce more receptors (Organism - Rhinovirus) Strategy - Produces gas as a product of fermentation (Organism - Clostridium perfringens) Strategy - Produces a capsule (organism - Klebsiella pneumonia) Strategy - Ability to move between adjacent cells (organism - Cytomegalovirus) Strategy - Ability to use pilus as a motility structure (organism - Pseudomonas aerogenosa)Microbes possess many different strategies to help them cause disease called virulence factors. Explain how two virulence factors work. For each virulence factor state the name of the mechanism, explain how it works and what advantage it gives the organism that helps it cause disease.
- 14) When considering virulence factors, which class of virulence factor would be most likely to increase the severity of disease caused by the pathogen possessing the virulence factor, due to this class of virulence factor most likely causing the death of cells? A) extracellular enzymes C) anti-phagocytic factors B) toxins D) adherence factors 15) Which of the following classes of virulence factor is absolutely needed for nearly every infection? In fact, if the organism lacks this factor, it is most likely going to be avirulent (not disease-causing). A) extracellular enzyme B) adherence factor D) anti-phagocytic factor C) exotoxin 16) Which of the following is an iron-binding protein produced by pathogens to access the body's store of iron? A) ferritin B) siderophores C) hemolysin D) transferrin 17) The complement cascade and its by-products contribute to A) attracting phagocytes to sites of infection. B) triggering release of interferons. C) triggering inflammation. D) triggering…All of the following are true of antibodies EXCEPT: Each individual antibody molecule is specific for more than one type of antigen They are made of proteins They are also called immunoglobulins They are produced in response to antigens They are produced by plasma cellsWhy are bacteria referred to as pathogens?
- Microbial pathogenicity relates to A) O how a microbe overcomes host defenses B) O how a microbe survives in a host C) Ovirulence factors D) O toxins that may be produced by a microbe E) O pathogenicity relates to all of the aboveNormal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT: Question 3 options: A) they produce antibacterial chemicals. B) they compete with pathogens for nutrients. C) they make the chemical environment unsuitable for nonresident bacteria. D) they produce lysozyme.identify one type of pathogen or infectious agent. Describe ways to prevent the spread of the diseases this type of pathogen can cause and explain why these preventative measures are important.