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- that causes the rapid reproduction of a specific ( Select] [ Select ] Antigenic cell B cell I cell Macrophage Eosinophil Vaccines work by stimulating a(n) [Select ] that produces an antibody that is specific for the antigen in the vaccine. This creates a pool of memory cells that will be available if the person is ever infect nicrobe.cella which wnsuld trigger If an antigen piesenting cel is presenting antigens fram an extracellular colonizer. you would expect to see more development of Oa Tu1 cel-mediated OET1 humoral Oc T2, humcral Od. T2, colmediated QUESTION 27 Which type of vaccine typically ptaduces the longest immunity sgainist a toxin? Oa toxoid Ob attenuated OG subunit Od.conjugated QUESTION 28 Which of the following is NOT a job far a TH1 cell? O a. Stimulate cytotaxic T cells Ob Simu ate natural killer cells to kill more effectively. Oc. StimulateB cell activation Od. Stimulate macrophages and neutrophits to mare effective at killing intracellutar pathogennB cells express a complement receptor that binds to C3b cleavage products, such as iC3b and C3dg. When a B cell with an antigen receptor that specifically recognizes that pathogen also has its complement receptor stimulated because the pathogen is opsonized with these C3 fragments, B cell activation is greatly enhanced. Due to this mechanism, B cells can be activated by much lower concentrations of antigen (in this case, the pathogen) than if the antigen is devoid of complement components. This mechanism functions to: Ensure that pathogens are readily detected by the adaptive immune system before they replicate to high levels in the host Prevent B cells from being activated in response to antigens that are not pathogens Allow B cells to phagocytose the pathogen and help destroy it Induce increased rounds of B cell replication to make more pathogen-specific B cells Allow the B cell to block pathogen replication by interfering with multiple pathogen surface functions
- (74) A rare from of immunologic syndrome is assciated with recurrent skin lesions, eosinophilia, and increased serum concentrations of IgE. In patients with this syndrome , which of the following cytokines is most likely to be increased? (A) Interleukin-1 Beta( Il-1B) (B) Interleukin-2 ( IL-2) (C) Interleukin-4 (IL-4) (D) Interleukin-6 (IL-60 (E) Tumor Necrosis Factor alphaSomatic cells can display antigen [small peptides] and present them to the body’s immunesystem via their MHC/HLA receptor displays. Discuss the paths for MHC/HLA1 vs. MHC/HLA2display. How do these two paths fit into the health of the body, and the response of theimmune system to normal/disease/infection?Gerintic mutuations in thhe CDda gene uften reeult ir a CD4 T.cell desciency Which of the following scenarios would be most fikely to accur in e pallent with teveral hactri Oa This patent would be less abla to produce a humotal response against various pathogenic microorganisms O b. This patient would not ba able to giroduce memory calls OE This patient would be unable to taper of the immune response folowing pathogen clearance, leading to chronic infammating Od. This piatient wauld be unable to tespond ts certain vit al invaders such as Epstein Barr Vinus QUESTION 24 The adaptive imrmine system's ability to target a particular path ogen is know as: Ca specificity O b. opsonization O. variolation d memoly QUESTION 25 Which of the following is the site on the igG foe complement bindng in the classical pathway? O a. CH2 + CH2 Oh. CH3 + CH3 OG VL- VH O d. CL + CHT
- Complement proteins function in defense by _______. a. neutralizing toxins b. enhancing resident bacteria c. promoting inflammation d. forming pores that cause pathogens to disintegrate e. both a and b f. both c and d________triggers immune responses. a. Cytokines d. Antigens b. Lysozyme e. Histamines c. Antibodies f. MHC markersInhibitory receptors on lymphocytes down-regulate immune responses by recruiting protein or lipid phosphatases.BCR signaling on B cells is initiated by antigen binding, leading to mTOR activation. This occurs, for instance, when the antigen is a live microbe that binds to the BCR on the B cells. Which one of the forms of antigen shown below the graph would correctly account for the data shown in the figure?
- Describe the basic structure of class I and class IImajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins. Inwhat functional ways do they differ?Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding the effect of high doses of corticosteroids, such as dexamethasone, on the imnune system? O None of the statements apply Functions to inhibit IgG secretion from autoimmune B cells O Functions to specifically inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) to decrease pain and inflammation Functions to inhibit enzyme phospholipase A2, which causes lethal disruption of WBC function (WBC death) OFunctions to inhibit enzyme phospholipase A2, which decreases cyclooxygenase- 2 (COX-2) levelsNeutralizing antibodies are effective at preventing infection or toxicity mediated by pathogens or their toxic products. In fact, nearly all vaccines currently in use function by eliciting neutralizing antibodies. One example is the tetanus vaccine, in which neutralizing antibodies are generated against an inactivated form of the tetanus toxin (the tetanus toxoid). The most important feature of a neutralizing antibody is having high affinity for the antigen. being efficient at activating the complement cascade. having a high degree of multivalency, such as being a pentamer or hexamer of immunoglobulin monomers. being present at a high concentration in the circulation. 0 0 0 0