When the first automobiles were built in 1901, they were made by skilled workers using hand tools. Later, in 1913, Henry Ford introduced the moving assembly line, which lowered costs and speeded production. Over the years, the production line has become ever more mechanized, and today robots replace people in many tasks. The graph below shows the demand curve for cars in 1901. Suppose the least-possible cost of producing a car is $250 and that the efficient scale is 0.5 cars a day. Draw the average total cost curve in 1901. Label it ATC,. Price (dollars per car) Q 500 400+ 2 ATO 300- 200- 100- 04 n The graph below shows the demand curve for cars in 2020. Suppose the least-possible cost of producing a car is $10,000 and that the efficient scale is 200,000 cars a day. Draw the average total cost curve in 2020. Label it ATC₂. Price (dollars per car) 50,000 40,000+ 30,000 20,000 10,000+ 04 0 100 200 300 400 D 500 ** RO

When the first automobiles were built in 1901, they were made by skilled workers using hand tools. Later, in 1913, Henry Ford introduced the moving assembly line, which lowered costs and speeded production. Over the years, the production line has become ever more mechanized, and today robots replace people in many tasks. The graph below shows the demand curve for cars in 1901. Suppose the least-possible cost of producing a car is $250 and that the efficient scale is 0.5 cars a day. Draw the average total cost curve in 1901. Label it ATC,. Price (dollars per car) Q 500 400+ 2 ATO 300- 200- 100- 04 n The graph below shows the demand curve for cars in 2020. Suppose the least-possible cost of producing a car is $10,000 and that the efficient scale is 200,000 cars a day. Draw the average total cost curve in 2020. Label it ATC₂. Price (dollars per car) 50,000 40,000+ 30,000 20,000 10,000+ 04 0 100 200 300 400 D 500 ** RO

Microeconomic Theory

12th Edition

ISBN:9781337517942

Author:NICHOLSON

Publisher:NICHOLSON

Chapter10: Cost Functions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10.8P

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6 In 1916, Henry Ford was quoted as saying the following: "There are men who will pay $360 for a car who would not pay $440. We had in round numbers 500,000 buyers of cars on the $440 basis, and I figure that on the $360 basis we can increase sales to possibly 800,000 cars for the year - less profit on each car, but more cars, more employment of labor, and in the end we get all the total profit we ought to make." If Ford's estimate as correct, what was the price elasticity of demand for his cars? By how much did total revenue increase? 7 Using the data from question 6, above, write the demand curve equation for Henry Ford's cars. 8 Using the demand curve equation from question 7, build a graphic to sell Ford cars to the public in 1916.
6 In 1916, Henry Ford was quoted as saying the following: "There are men who will pay $360 for a car who would not pay $440. We had in round numbers 500,000 buyers of cars on the $440 basis, and I figure that on the $360 basis we can increase sales to possibly 800,000 cars for the year - less profit on each car, but more cars, more employment of labor, and in the end we get all the total profit we ought to make." If Ford's estimate as correct, what was the price elasticity of demand for his cars? By how much did total revenue increase?
100 90 80 70 60 ATC 50 40 30 20 AVC МС О 10 + 0 0 5 10 15 20 30 35 40 45 50 QUANTITY (Thousands of shirts) or each price in the following table, use the graph to determine the number of shirts this firm would produce in order to maximize its profit. Assume hat when the price is exactly equal to the average variable cost, the firm is indifferent between producing zero shirts and the profit-maximizing uantity. Also, indicate whether the firm will produce, shut down, or be indifferent between the two in the short run. Lastly, determine whether it will nake a profit, suffer a loss, or break even at each price. Price Quantity (Dollars per shirt) (Shirts) Profit or Loss? Produce or Shut Down? Shut down 10 20,000 Loss Shut down 20 10,000 Loss Shut down 32 5,000 Loss Either 0 or 37,500 Shut down 40 Loss 25 COSTS (Dollars)
Suppose that the market for sports watches is a competitive market. The following graph shows the daily cost curves of a firm operating in this market. Hint: After placing the rectangle on the graph, you can select an endpoint to see the coordinates of that point. PRICE (Dollars per watch) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 MC ATC AVC + + 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 QUANTITY (Thousands of watches per day) 90 100 Profit or Loss ?
For many decades, the Royal Mail had a legal monopoly in the U.K. Companies in thepostal business have increasing returns to scale, then constant returns to scale, andthen decreasing returns to scale. The Royal Mail’s minimum average cost is £2 at 100million deliveries and its minimum marginal cost is £1 at 75 million deliveries.The demand for postage is zero at a price of £10, and demand is 300 milliondeliveries at a price of £0. Marginal revenue is zero at a price of £10 and 150 at aprice of £0.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the numerical answers in this question do not need tobe exact but should correspond to how you have drawn your graph. (a) Draw a large graph showing the Royal Mail’s average cost curve and itsmarginal cost curve. Show how many deliveries would be made, and at whatprice, if Royal Mail operated as a monopoly. Show the Royal Mail’s profit orloss on the graph.
For many decades, the Royal Mail had a legal monopoly in the U.K. Companies in thepostal business have increasing returns to scale, then constant returns to scale, andthen decreasing returns to scale. The Royal Mail’s minimum average cost is £2 at 100million deliveries and its minimum marginal cost is £1 at 75 million deliveries.The demand for postage is zero at a price of £10, and demand is 300 milliondeliveries at a price of £0. Marginal revenue is zero at a price of £10 and 150 at aprice of £0.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the numerical answers in this question do not need tobe exact but should correspond to how you have drawn your graph. (a) Draw a large graph showing the Royal Mail’s average cost curve and itsmarginal cost curve. Show how many deliveries would be made, and at whatprice, if Royal Mail operated as a monopoly. Show the Royal Mail’s profit orloss on the graph. (b) The government makes a law restricting the price of postage to £1. Show theeffect of this policy in the…
For many decades, the Royal Mail had a legal monopoly in the U.K. Companies in thepostal business have increasing returns to scale, then constant returns to scale, andthen decreasing returns to scale. The Royal Mail’s minimum average cost is £2 at 100million deliveries and its minimum marginal cost is £1 at 75 million deliveries.The demand for postage is zero at a price of £10, and demand is 300 milliondeliveries at a price of £0. Marginal revenue is zero at a price of £10 and 150 at aprice of £0.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the numerical answers in this question do not need tobe exact but should correspond to how you have drawn your graph. New technology changes delivery firms’ technology. Now, the minimumaverage cost is £2 at 1 million deliveries and a minimum marginal cost of £1at 0.75 million deliveries. The government removes all price restrictions andallows free entry. Describe the long-term outcome for this market, using twographs, one at the firm-level and one at the…
For many decades, the Royal Mail had a legal monopoly in the U.K. Companies in thepostal business have increasing returns to scale, then constant returns to scale, andthen decreasing returns to scale. The Royal Mail’s minimum average cost is £2 at 100million deliveries and its minimum marginal cost is £1 at 75 million deliveries.The demand for postage is zero at a price of £10, and demand is 300 milliondeliveries at a price of £0. Marginal revenue is zero at a price of £10 and 150 at aprice of £0.Note: Unless otherwise stated, the numerical answers in this question do not need tobe exact but should correspond to how you have drawn your graph. The government makes a law restricting the price of postage to £1. Show theeffect of this policy in the short-run in a new, large graph. The graph shouldshow the firm’s average cost, marginal cost, marginal revenue, and consumerdemand. How much postage is bought? Show on your graph if the Royal Mailis in profit or loss, and by how much.
Would you rather have efficiency or variety? That is, one opportunity cost of the variety of products we have is that each product costs more per unit than if there were only one kind of product of a given type, like shoes. Perhaps a better question is, What is the right amount of variety? Can there be too many varieties of shoes, for example?
Explain about the following graphs:
Suppose a science museum charges $15 for admission, and each day 200 adults visit the museum. Suppose the museum directors cannot change the price they charge, but they know that for every $1000 a day spent on advertising they can increase demand by 50 tickets. The cost of operating the museum for a day is $2,000. Which of the following advertising choices should they make to maximize profits? O Spend $100O0 a day on advertising O Spend $2000 a day on advertising O Spend no money on advertising O Spend $3000 a day on advertising
3. Suppose that ABC company plans to build a subway train to provide better alternatives for Filipino commuters to avoid heavy traffic and delay during rush hour. Apparently, the subway can last up to 50 years only that its cost $ 5.5 million to build it. Assuming that it cost nothing for its maintenance. Consider the table below that shows potential demand of the subway train of the ABC company. For now, disregard the potential variety of the passenger's demographic.