please help with question 2 Chapter 15 ProblemsEXERCISES1. Which of the 10 reactions of glycolysis are (a) phosphorylations,(b) isomerizations, (c) oxidation-reductions, (d) dehydrations, and(e) carbon-carbon bond cleavages?15. Tumor cells,levels of the glycclytic flux for these16. The pyruvate2. When the pathogen Salmonella typhimurium infects mammalian cells, compared to the 1the host cell protease caspase-1 is enabled to cleave and thereby activatesignaling proteins that instigate the immune response. The targets of /17. Compare thecaspase-1 also include aldolase and enolase. What effect would this have/ colysis and are con the infected cell and why might this be advantageous to the organism? ecules that proce3. The reversible reaction shown here is part of the Calvin cycle, a path-way in photosynthetic organisms. Which glycolytic reaction does thisreaction resemble and what type of enzyme catalyzes it?on the cells and htheir carbon skeleare metabolized t18. If G6P is labeproducts of the pe19. Draw the eneerase reaction (RCH,OPOMonjaH.CH,OPO;-C=0Draw the eneerase reaction (RHO-C-HH-C-OH1 H-C-OH21. Describe thewhen the two subC=0+H-C-OHH-C-OHCH2OH22. Describe theCH,OPO;-H-C-OHstrates are a five-which of the subsCH OPO2-

When the pathogen Salmonella typhimurium infects mammalian cells, the host cell protease caspase-1 is enabled to cleave and thereby activate signaling proteins that instigate the immune response. The targets of caspase-1 also include aldolase and enolase. What effect would this have/ ce on the infected cell and why might this be advantageous to the organism? en th 3 The reversible reaction shown here is nart of the Calvin cvele a path

When the pathogen Salmonella typhimurium infects mammalian cells, the host cell protease caspase-1 is enabled to cleave and thereby activate signaling proteins that instigate the immune response. The targets of caspase-1 also include aldolase and enolase. What effect would this have/ ce on the infected cell and why might this be advantageous to the organism? en th 3 The reversible reaction shown here is nart of the Calvin cvele a path

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter19: The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10P

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true or false 1. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is the enzyme involved in the carbon dioxide fixation in the mesophyll cells of C4 plants 2. The C4 pathway utilizes less ATP than C3 pathway thus enabling C4 plants to adapt to tropical temperatures. 3. Photorespiration occurs when [O2]/[CO2] is high. 4. The carboxylase activity of RuBisCO catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide. 5. In cyclic photophosphorylation, only ATP is produced. 6. Chlorophyll has iron as the metal center of the porphyrin ring.
True of false 6. In glycogen synthesis, the active form of glucose is UDPG. () 7. If people lack thiamine, it can lead to multiple neuritis. () 8. 1mol isocitric acid is transformed into 1mol fumaric acid by TCA cycle, and 7molATP can be produced in the process of electron transfer. () 9. Ketone bodies are harmful products produced during the catabolism of fatty acids. () 10. In the human body, the carbon skeleton for amino acid synthesis can be provided by alpha-ketoacids or other intermediate metabolites during carbohydrate catabolism. In turn, many amino acids can be converted to sugars by the gluconeogenic pathway. ()
EVOLUTION LINK The reactions of glycolysis are identical in all organismsprokaryotes, protists, fungi, plants, and animalsthat obtain energy from glucose catabolism. What does this universality suggest about the evolution of glycolysis?
Which of the following is a correct ranking of molecules with respect to their energy value in glycolysis (note: means greater than)? (a) two pyruvates one glucose (b) one glucose one fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (c) two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphates (G3P) one glucose (d) two pyruvates one fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (e) two pyruvates two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphates (G3P)
The control of which enzyme exerts the most control on glycolysis? hexokinase phosphofructokinase glucose-6-phosphatase aldolase
Activity 13.5. Arrange the following enzymes of glycolysis. Hexokinase, enolase, aldolase, Pyruvate kinase, phosphofructokinase, phosphoglucoisomerase, phosphoglycerokinase, triose phosphate dehydrogenase, Isomerase, Phosphoglyceromutase, 1. 6. 2. 7. 3. 8. 4. 9. 5. 10.
Many cancer cells preferentially perform aerobic glycolysis Proliferative tissue 5. Tumor without relying on oxidative phosphorylation to generate energy, a pro- cess known as the "Warburg effect". While less efficient at generating ATP, it has been proposed that the Warburg effect promotes prolifera- tion by generating an abundance of glycolytic intermediates that serve as precursors for other anabolic processes to generate biomass. One consequence of the Warburg effect is that cancer cells that are not bathed in a constant source of fresh glucose – such as cells in a solid tumor that are far from any capillaries (e.g., non-small cell (NSC) lung cancer) – often run out of glucose and activate gluconeogenesis. In this situation, the lactate generated by anerobic glycolysis is converted back to pyruvate to begin gluconeogenesis. or +/-02 Glucose Pyruvate 5% 85% Lactate CO2 (a) matic steps. Beginning with pyruvate, write with words the reaction for the first step, including the name of…
I'm confused about glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Question: What is the function of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase? Is it because of -> The incorporation of a phosphate from ATP and reduction of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate or ->The incorporation of phosphate from inorganic phosphate and reduction of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. or -> The incorporation of phosphate from inorganic phosphate and oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Select the best answer. What pathways generate reduced cofactors (NADH or FADH2) for the Electron Transport Chain to use? 1. Glycolysis 2. Gluconeogenesis 3. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Reaction 4. Citric Acid Cycle 5. Fatty Acid β-Oxidation Question 18 options: 1, 3, 4 2, 3, 4 1, 3, 4, 5 2, 3, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Answer the ff questions. I. 1. what happens to glucose molecules during the process of glycolysis? 2. How many ATP molecules produced during the process? 3. What is the end product of glycolysis? II. 1. what is produed in pyruvate oxidation. which electron carrier NAD+ takes the elecyron transport chain? 2. During the process of a carboxyl group is removed from pyruvate what is then released? 3. What are the product of the process of pyruvate oxidation. and how many pyruvates enters glycolysis for each glucose molecules how many are produced?
Need help, please. In this scenario, a patient has beriberi. Beriberi patients can be treated through a thiamine-enriched diet. The patient was put on a thiamine-enriched diet but not all of their symptoms were alleviated. Through genetic testing, it was found that there was also a small defect in pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase that decreases its normal activity. 1. Explain why this genetic defect can cause beriberi symptoms (i.e. high pyruvate levels after a high-carb meal). 2. Why did thiamine supplementation not alleviate the symptoms for this patient?
PLS ASNWER ALL. CHOOSE THE CORRECT LETTER 1.What is the mechanism of ATP synthesis in glycolysis?substrate level phosphorylationoxidative phosphorylationA. reductionB. oxidation 2.What is the net ATP yield of the complete glycolysis of 5 molecules of glucose?A.10B. 12C. 5 D.4