Which of the following is a method through which cells can control their gene expression? Increase a gene's stability using post-translational modifications Epigenetic modifications of the DNA or histones to regulate DNA avilability phosphorylation of thymidines formation of crosslinks between the DNA strands and the histones

Which of the following is a method through which cells can control their gene expression? Increase a gene's stability using post-translational modifications Epigenetic modifications of the DNA or histones to regulate DNA avilability phosphorylation of thymidines formation of crosslinks between the DNA strands and the histones

Concepts of Biology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168116

Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Publisher:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Chapter9: Molecular Biology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10RQ: Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells occurs at which level(s)? a. only the transcriptional...

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The diagram below shows the structure of DNA from the level of a gene to a condensed mitotic chromosome. At each of the four locations marked, indicate how a gene may be regulated by selecting from the choices given. Some answer choices may fit into more than one position; however, you should use each answer choice only once. Choices given: Alternative splicing within the gene sequence can lead to different forms of mRNA. A promoter region can be blocked by another protein. Histone deacetylation can prevent DNA from unwinding. A regulatory region can be bound and increase transcription rates.
Which of the following is not a control of gene transcription? The repression of a gene by the binding of a transcription factor to a silencer region Methylation of promotor sequences The stabilization of the initiation complex by transcription factors to allow RNA polymerase to begin replication The conversion of heterochromatin to euchromatin through histone demethylation The binding of an inhibitory protein to the 3' UTR
Which of the following DNA regulatory protein “motifs” consists of three a-helices, in a single polypeptide, acting independently of other polypeptides in the regulation of DNA? the leucine zipper the zinc finger the homeodomain all of the above none of the above Which of the following processes regulates the maturation of mRNA from hnRNA (in the control of gene expression in humans and other eukaryotes)? translation of polypeptides self-replication of DNA processing of RNA transcription of RNA self-replication of RNA
Which of the following most accurately describes the process involved in protein synthesis? Transcription factors activate promoter region -> transcription by mRNA -> translation by ribosomes Translation by ribosomes -> transcription factors activate promoter region -> transcription by mRNA Transcription by mRNA -> transcription factors activate promoter region -> translation by ribosomes Translation by ribosomes -> transcription by mRNA -> transcription factors activate promoter region
Which of the following statements most accurately represent chromatin state and transcription? Group of answer choices 1.Histone deacetylases promote closed chromatin and result in repressed transcription 2.Open chromatin is associated with hypoacetylation and has high levels of transcription 3.Histone acetyltransferases result in hypoacetylation and high levels of transcription 4.Hyperacetylation is associated with closed chromatin and low levels of transcription
Consider gene expression in a eukaryotic cell. Which of the following is true for transcription in this cell? Select all that apply. MRNA has to be processed before leaving the nucleus MRNA can be synthesized by Transcription and at the same time this mRNA can be used for protein synthesis or Translation RNA polymerase requires several transcription factors for efficient transcription initiation During Transcription, the enzyme topoisomerase relaxes negative supercoiling in the DNA strands
Hydrogen bonds are important in DNA replication and transcription. They are relatively weak chemical bonds. Why is this a desirable feature for DNA? Describe the effect (s) of changing (mutating) the promoter on the transcription of the DNA strand/gene the promoter controls. What happens to protein synthesis if a nonsense codon is inserted into the gene? Explain why a point mutation does not necessarily change the original amino acid sequence. (Explain silent mutations) Choose any pentapeptide composed of five different amino acids. List the amino acids. Present one messenger RNA codon for each amino acids and the sequence of nucleotides on the DNA that originally coded for your pentapeptide.
Which of the following describes transcription factors? The addition or deletion of methyl and acetyl groups to regulate transcription Proteins that specifically bind to promoter or enhancer regions to initiate transcription The transcription initiation sites of DNA that bind RNA polymerase DNA regulatory elements that actively repress the transcription of a gene O Varying sequences that are or are not included in the instructions to make a protein
Which of the following would you expect to have the fastest response in the cell? Protein Phosphorylation DNA Methylation RNA Splicing Transcription Repressor
Genetic expression involves transcription and translation. Match the structure or molecule to the step site where amino acid combines with tRNA intron sequences are removed and exons are combined together makes RNA more stable in the cytoplasm region of DNA with sequences that combine with RNA polymerase transcribed strand that will go on to translation connects amino acid to polypeptide chain and leaves tRNA site where tRNA with amino acid enters the ribosome recognized by the protein synthesis machinery enzyme that connects RNA nucleotides to DNA template part of tRNA with nucleotides complementary to mRNA 1. peptide bond 2. 3. antisense strand 4. anticodon loop 5. RNA polymerase 5' cap 6. A site 8. 7. splicing 9. promoter region acceptor stem 10. poly-A tail
Which of the following processes regulates the maturation of mRNA from hnRNA (in the control of gene expression in humans and other eukaryotes)? translation of polypeptides self-replication of DNA processing of RNA transcription of RNA self-replication of RNA
Unlike in prokaryotic cells, transcription and translation in eukaryotic cells... Group of answer choices are separated: transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, and translation occurs in the nucleus. occur together in the cytosol. occur together in the nucleus. are separated, except for proteins that bind to the DNA and ribosomes, which are translated in the nucleus. are separated: transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

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		Increase a gene's stability using post-translational modifications
		Epigenetic modifications of the DNA or histones to regulate DNA avilability
		phosphorylation of thymidines
		formation of crosslinks between the DNA strands and the histones