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- Select ALL statements that are TRUE regarding a drug that would inactivate the enzyme acetylcholinesterase A. Prevent acetylcholine from being loaded into synaptic vesicles B. Prolong the effects of acetylcholine in the synapse C. Terminate the effects of acetylcholine in the synapse D. Speed up the synthesis of acetylcholine E. Reduce the reuptake of choline back into the axon terminalGive the effects of acetylcholine on the following : A. gastrointestinal motility & secretory activity. B. smooth muscles in the uterus, ureters, bladder , bronchioles . C. constrictor muscles of the iris. D. salivary, sweat & lacrimal glands. E. HeartNicotinic receptors bind A. acetylcholine and allow chloride ions to exit the cell. B. acetylcholine and allow sodium ions to enter the cell. C. muscarine and increase the contractility of intestinal muscle. D. norepinephrine and can either stimulate or inhibit the cell. E. norepinephrine and allow potassium entry, thereby exciting the cell.
- At a normal NMJ, action potentials in the skeletal muscle cell can be blocked directly by? A. Curare, which inhibits nicotinic receptors. B. Atropine, which inhibits muscarinic receptors. C. Physostigmine, which inhibits ACHE. D. AP5, which inhibits NMDA receptors. E. Pentobarbital, which enhances the function of GABA on GABAA receptors.What are the neurotransmitters that bind to ionotropic channels and allow for cation influx? Select all that apply. Group of answer choices A. glutamate B. GABA C. dopamine D. acetylcholineNeurotransmitters: a. Can only inhibit the postsynaptic cell b. Can be part of a process that regulates transcription and translation in the postsynaptic cell с. Are bound to their receptors forever, until the receptor is degraded and recycled. d. Can exit the presynaptic cell without assistance. e. Can only excite the postsynaptic cell Clathrin: Is embedded in the cell membrane of the synaptic terminal. a. b. Degrades vesicles for recycling and return to the axon hillock с. Mediates ALL endocytosis in the body, including the formation of vesicles in the synapse. d. Forms a coat of octagonal proteins. e. Helps the vesicle leave the pre-synaptic cell, and fuse to the membrane of the post-synaptic cell
- Select All statements that are TRUE regarding the effects of administering a molecule that is a precursor for the synthesis of a neurotransmitter A. Temporarily compensate for neuron cell death by increased release of the neurotransmitter (ex. L-dopa used as treatment for Parkinson’s disease) B. Increase the rate of synthesis of that neurotransmitter C. Block the reuptake of the neurotransmitter back into the axon terminal D. Immediately alter then number of postsynaptic receptors E. Act as an indirect antagonist by activating autoreceptorsThe Structure of the acetylcholine receptor is shown below: D. Briefly indicate what the role of the acetylcholine receptor is in an action potential.Sarin nerve gas paralyzes muscle by interfering with neuronal transmission by which of the following? Select one: O A. encephalin O B. serotonin O C. acetylcholine O D. glutamate O E. GABA
- Which second messenger pathway enzyme is used with alpha-2 adrenergic receptors? A. phosphodiesterase (PDE) B. adenylate cyclase C. ATP hydrolaseGive an example of a drug that acts as an agonist for acetylcholine receptors and one that acts as an antagonist for these receptors.Which statement about nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) is true? a. Each nAChR is composed of seven different protein subunits. b. They are ionotropic receptors and conduct Na+ and Ca2+ ions across the cell membrane causing depolarization and a fast excitatory response. c. They are ionotropic receptors and conduct K+ ions across the cell membrane, causing depolarization and a fast excitatory response. d. They are found in all areas of the nervous system except the brain.