You are working in the lab with two known carcinogens found in cigarette smoke: Benzo(a)pyren (BaP) and nitrosamine ketone (NNK). BaP is an aromatic hydrocarbon and the mechanism of carcinogenesis is through oxidation reactions with DNA. NNK is a nitrosoamine. Describe how these two kinds of carcinogens lead to mutations. (Be detailed. Remember you are graded on effort/completeness.)
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You are working in the lab with two known carcinogens found in cigarette smoke: Benzo(a)pyren (BaP) and nitrosamine
ketone (NNK). BaP is anaromatic hydrocarbon and the mechanism of carcinogenesis is through oxidation reactions with DNA. NNK is a nitrosoamine. Describe how these two kinds of carcinogens lead to mutations. (Be detailed. Remember you are graded on effort/completeness.)
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- Gene mutations can be classified in two major ways:(1) hereditary or germline mutations that are inherited from a parent and are present throughout a person’s life in virtually every cell in the body.(2) acquired or somatic mutations that occur at some time during a person’s life and are present only in certain cells, not in every cell in the body.If there is no family history of a particular disease but a child has the disease then it may have arisen due to a(n) ________ mutation early during development. A) acquired B) inherited C) silent D) transition* Google Translate x + re.com/courses/49703/quizzes/244266/take/questions/5315835 Understanding BAC-23 better might be the difference in curing cancer and saving millions of lives! You must sequence its genome and find the genetic code that makes the cancer curing protein. After running several tests, you have found the correct gene segment to be: GGG UCG ACA CUC UUU. Remember that bacteria are weird and their genes are made from a single strand with ribose sugar backbones! 1. Give the correct DNA template for this bacterial gene segment (GGG UCG ACA CUC UUU). ***Please use the following format or it will be marked incorrect*** Example: ABC DEF GHI JKL MNO, all caps, organized in threes with a space in between. Please make my life easier 2. Using the genetic code provided (GGG UCG ACA CUC UUU), translate this gene segment. ***Please use the following format or it will be marked incorrect*** Example: ABC DEF GHI JKL MNO, all caps, organized in threes with a space in between. Please make…Discuss briefly the effects of colchicine treatment on cells. What are the genetic implications of such effects?
- Discuss the possible effects of mutationsYour research lab is interested in determining the phenotype of three of your patients (DNA 1, DNA 2, and DNA 3) for the gene TNF alpha, known to exist in two isoforms (wild-type TNF1 and mutant TNF2). Using gel electrophoresis to isolate the patients DNA, you obtain the results of the experiment as depicted in the left image below. Interested in your results, your boss asks you to perform the experiment again, to ensure your results are consistent. Upon performing the experiment again, you obtain the results as depicted in the right image below.. Assuming the left image is what you should have obtained, which of the following conclusions is correct and indicates potential errors that could have occurred in the right image. You accidentally added the TNF1 and TNF2 control DNA samples to the TNF1 lane, the TNF2 lane incorrectly added TNF2 control only, you forgot to add DNA 2 sample to the DNA 1 lane, you accidentally added DNA 1 sample to the DNA 2 lane, and you accidentally added DNA…An experiment was conducted with two groups of genetically identical female agouti mice (Avy/a) that were mated with normal (a/a) male mice . Both female groups ate lab chow with bisphenol A (BPA) (50mg/Kg). (BPA, used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics, has estrogenic effects that include decreased CpG methylation.) The lab chow of one group was supplemented with methyl donors (e.g., folate, choline, and vitamin B12). The effects of BPA were abolished in the Avya offspring of the mice fed with the methyl donor–supplemented chow (i.e., the coat color distribution observed was shifted toward brown). Explain.
- Which of the following terms refer to the case when a mutation results in a significant decrease or a complete loss of the functional activity of a gene product? a. gain-of-function mutation b. loss-of-function mutationMost genetic mutations are deleterious, producing negative effects. True or false?Ultraviolet light causes thymine dimers to form in DNA. Some individuals are genetically incapable of repairing these dimers at "normal" rates. Such individuals are likely to suffer from Oxeroderma pigmentosum phenylketonuria muscular dystrophy Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) pancreatic cancer
- Indicate whether the following sentences is either True or False and CORRECT the wrong sentences ( please answer the two questions 1 and 2) : 1. People having defective APC gene are more susceptible to developing polyps (benign tumors) in the colon, and such APC mutations can arise spontaneously or be triggered by environmental mutagens. 2. Monomeric α-catenin binds strongly to E-cadherin-β-catenin; and the dimer binds to intergrins .Two missense mutations in the gene that encodes an enzyme called superoxide dismutase cause a form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig disease). This disease causes loss of neurological function over a 5-year period. One mutation alters the amino acid asparagine (Asn) to lysine (Lys). The other changes an isoleucine (Ile) to a threonine (Thr). List the codons involved and describe how single-base mutations can alter the specified amino acids.The Effects of a Mutation are Difficult to Predict Why?