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- Why might clinical medicine have an interest in understanding bacterial cell division at the molecular level? Explain why a hyperthermophile would probably not be a human pathogen. Describe four factors that may have an influence on the effectiveness of an antimicrobial treatment. Explain why 70% or 80% alcohol is more effective than 100% alcohol in controlling microorganisms.Many antibiotics used in modern medicine are compounds made by fungi that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. Describe the specific effect of the following antimicrobial drugs: (i) Chloramphenicol (ii) RifamycinMany antibiotics used in modern medicine are compounds made by fungi that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. Describe the specific effect of the following antimicrobial drugs: (i) Tetracycline (ii) Puromycin (iii) Alpha-Amanitin
- Differentiate the growth curve exhibited by the same inoculum under the following conditions. Draw and label the parts of your growth curve. A). If it is exponentially growing and inoculated in the same nutritious medium under the same optimum conditions. B). If it is taken from an old culture and inoculated into the same nutritious medium and incubated under the same optimum conditions in (A). C). If it is taken from an old culture and inoculated to a different and less nutritious medium and incubated under the same optimum conditions as (A).clostridium botulinum is a bacterium usually present in soil that may cause botulism. Briefly explain why one or few cells of a pathogenic bacterium, such as clostridium botulism, by itself typically does not secrete a toxin, despite the species as a whole being characterized as toxin producing.Examine the graph shown below of a liquid culture growth curve for S. pneumoniaegrowing in minimal broth containing both glucose and lactose in equal concentrations as a potential carbon source. Answer the following questions: a) Name the growth phases labelled as I, II and III, explain the observed pattern of growth at each of these stages in the curve b) Where would the concentration of cAMP be low and why? c) In what phase would β-galactosidase be high and why? d) What kind of overall growth pattern does this curve illustrate?
- Name two methods of control of growth for Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogen in a patient with the disease and when confronted with the pathogen outside of the host. Be careful to specify if it is a physical method or a chemical method (check lecture to differentiate these two). Control of growth means how would you deal with an infection related to a person as well as how would you minimize the presence of the bacteria on a surface or object.Assume tu inoculated 100 facultative anaerobic cells unto nutrient agar and incubated the plate aerobically. You then inoculated 100 cells of the same species unto nutrient agar and incubated the second plate anaerobically. After incubation for 24 hours, you should theoretically have: A) More coloneis on the aerobic plate B) More colories on the anaerobic plate C) The same number of colonies on both paltes D) Fewer colonies on the anaerobic plate E) None of the aboveAssume tu inoculated 100 facultative anaerobic cells unto nutrient agar and incubated the plate aerobically. You then inoculated 100 cells of the same species unto nutrient agar and incubated the second plate anaerobically. After incubation for 24 hours, you should theoretically have: A) More coloneis on the aerobic plate B) More colories on the anaerobic plate C) The same number of colonies on both paltes D) Fewer colonies on the anaerobic plate
- Clostridium tetani is a common soil bacterium and causes tetanus. Would you expect tetani to possess the enzyme catalase? Explain. Research on the growth requirements of this bacterium is required.Diseases that involve biofilm-producing bacteria are of serious concern. They are not as easily treated compared with those involving free-floating (or planktonic) bacteria. Explain three reasons why biofilm formers are more pathogenic. Brian goes to the hospital after not feeling well for a week. He has a fever of 38 °C (100.4 °F) and complains of nausea and a constant migraine. Distinguish between the signs and symptoms of disease in Brian’s case.About becterial enzymes, it is CORRECT to affirm that: a). Some becterial enzymes can help the microbe fight the immune system, by destroying lgA.b). Coagulases are enzymes that use the host's fibrinogen and form a semi-solid get that isolates amd protects the bacteria.c). Some bacterial enzymes such as hyaluronidase can help the microble move through the host's tissus by destroying the tissue's components.d). Fibrolysin is an enzymes that can help from blood clots.