Essentials of Biology (5th International Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781259660269
Author: Sylvia S. Mader, Dr., Michael Windelspecht
Publisher: Mcgraw-Hill
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Chapter 10.3, Problem 1LO
Understand how incomplete dominance and codominance deviate from traditional Mendelian expectations.
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In radishes, flower colors may be red, purple, or white. The edible portion of the radish may be long or oval. When only flower color is studied, no dominance is evident, and red 3 white crosses yield all purple. If these F1 purples are interbred, the F2 generation consists of 1/4 red: 1/2 purple: 1/4 white. Regarding radish shape, long is dominant to oval in a normal Mendelian fashion.
a. Determine the F1 and F2 phenotypes from a cross between a true-breeding red, long radish, and a radish that is white and oval. Be sure to define all gene symbols at the start.
b. A red oval plant was crossed with a plant of unknown genotype and phenotype, yielding the following offspring:103 red long: 101 red oval98 purple long: 100 purple oval
Determine the genotype and phenotype of the unknown plant.
Gregor Mendel discovered the basis of heredity with his sweet pea plant experiments. In his studies, he determined that certain traits, such as pod color and pea shape, express complete dominance.
Trait
Dominant
Recessive
Pod color
Yellow
Green
Pea shape
Round
Wrinkled
A cross occurs between a plant with heterozygous yellow pods and wrinkled peas and a plant with green pods and heterozygous round peas. What is the probability that the offspring will exhibit recessive genes for both traits?
a) 1/2
b) 1/4
c) 1/8
d) 1/16
Chapter 10 Solutions
Essentials of Biology (5th International Edition)
Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 10.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 10.1 - Distinguish between dominant and recessive traits.Ch. 10.1 - Apply Mendel`s laws to solve and interpret...Ch. 10.1 - Recognize and explain the relationship between...Ch. 10.1 - Summarize what Mendel`s experiments explained...Ch. 10.1 - Compare the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of a...Ch. 10.1 - Solve the following (using Figure 10.6): What is...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 4CYPCh. 10.1 - Prob. 1A
Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 2ACh. 10.1 - Prob. 3ACh. 10.1 - Prob. 4ACh. 10.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 10.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 10.2 - List some common genetic disorders, state the...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 10.2 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 10.2 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 10.2 - Prob. 5ACh. 10.2 - Prob. 6ACh. 10.2 - Prob. 7ACh. 10.2 - Prob. 8ACh. 10.2 - Prob. 9ACh. 10.2 - Prob. 10ACh. 10.2 - Prob. 11ACh. 10.3 - Understand how incomplete dominance and...Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 10.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 10.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 10.3 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 10.3 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 10.3 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 10.3 - Explain how gene linkage and gene interactions...Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 12ACh. 10.3 - Prob. 13ACh. 10.3 - Prob. 14ACh. 10.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 10.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 10.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 10.4 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 10.4 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 10.4 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 10.4 - Prob. 15ACh. 10 - 1. How does the collection of chromosomes we...Ch. 10 - Prob. 2BYBCh. 10 - How does meiosis help predict the probability of...Ch. 10 - Prob. S3.2BYBCh. 10 - Prob. S8.2BYBCh. 10 - Prob. S9.2BYBCh. 10 - Prob. 1TCCh. 10 - Prob. 2TCCh. 10 - Technology that can separate X-bearing and...
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- Can you please explain Mendel's labeling system for parental and offspring generations and describe where the parental allele combinations are placed when setting up the squares for a dihybrid cross Punnett square.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true regarding Mendel's observations of single factor crosses? All F2 offspring exhibit the dominant phenotype 3/4 of F1 offspring exhibit the dominant phenotype 3/4 of F2 offspring exhibit the dominant phenotype The segregation of alleles into the gametes of F1 offspring determines the ratio of phenotypes observed in the F2. The independent assortment of alleles into the gametes of F1 offspring determines the ratio of phenotypes observed in the F2. All F1 offspring exhibit the dominant phenotypearrow_forwardGiven a cross between these two parents: BbCcDDEEFfGgHhJj x BbCcddEeFfGgHHjj where traits B, E, H, J exhibit Mendelian inheritance; C, and F exhibit incomplete dominance; D, and G exhibit co-dominance answer the following: How many possible gametes can the first individual produce? What proportion of the offspring will phenotypically resemble the first parent? What proportion of the offspring will genotypically resemble the second parent? How many phenotypes can be expected from the cross?arrow_forward
- Given a cross between these two parents: BbCcDDEEFfGgHhjj x BbCcddEeFfGgHHjj where traits B, E, H, J exhibit Mendelian inheritance; C, and F exhibit incomplete dominance; D, and G exhibit co-dominance answer the following: What proportion of the offspring will phenotypically resemble the first parent? What proportion of the offspring will genotypically resemble the second parent? How many phenotypes can be expected from the cross?arrow_forwardConsider the following cross examining four gene in two parental line: Parent 1: A/a; B/B; D/d; E/e Parent 2: A/a; B/b; d/d; e/e Assuming independent assortment for the four genes, what fraction of progeny will be phenotypically identical to either parent 1 or parent 2? (Hint: first figure out the fraction of progeny that resembles parent 1 and parent 2 separately, then get the overall fraction.) 9/16 1/16 3/4 3/8 3/16arrow_forwardUsing the concepts of non-mendelian genetics, what is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring if two heterozygous pea plants with purple flowers are crossed together? O 3 pea plants with light purple flowers: 1 pea plant with a single mixed color for white and purple color. O 3 pea plants with purple flowers: 1 pea plant with light violet flowers. O 1 pea plant with purple flowers: 2 pea plants with white flowers: 1 pea plant with mixed color for white and purple color. O 1 pea plant with purple flowers: 2 pea plants with light purple flowers: 1: pea plant with white flowers.arrow_forward
- How can you relate the two principles of Mendel to Chi-Square Values?arrow_forwardOn the basis of Mendel’s observations (i.e. Mendelian patterns), predict the results from the following crosses with peas. Show the results in terms of genotypes, phenotypes, and their proportions in the offspring. The progeny of a tall (dominant and homozygous) variety crossed with a dwarf variety. The progeny of (a) self-fertilized. The progeny from (a) crossed with the original tall parent. The progeny of (a) crossed with the original dwarf parent.arrow_forwardA pedigree analysis was performed on the family of a man with schizophrenia. Based on the known concordance statistics, would his MZ twin be at high risk for the disease? Would the twins risk decrease if he were raised in an environment different from that of his schizophrenic brother?arrow_forward
- Why are monozygotic twins who are reared apart so useful in the calculation of heritability?arrow_forwardPedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you want to know the results of the cancer, heart disease, and TSD tests if you were Sarah and Adam? Is it their responsibility as potential parents to gather this type of information before they decide to have a child?arrow_forwardPedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you decide to have a child if the test results said that you carry the mutation for breast and ovarian cancer? The heart disease mutation? The TSD mutation? The heart disease and the mutant alleles?arrow_forward
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