Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11.4, Problem 1CC
Molecular Mechanism of
Concept Check: Does the oxygen in a new phosphoester bond come from the sugar or from the phosphate?
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Quick help Only cell biology
Which process is described in the following paragraph?
During DNA synthesis, before the enzyme adds the next nucleotide to a growing DNA strand, it checks whether the previously added nucleotide is correctly base-paired to the template strand. If so, the polymerase adds the next nucleotide; if not, the polymerase clips off the mispaired nucleotide and tries again. This is carried out by cleaving the phosphodiester backbone using the enzyme’s 3’-to-5’ exonuclease activity.
Macmillan Learning
What factors promote the fidelity of replication during synthesis of the leading strand of DNA?
removal of the RNA primers between Okazaki fragments by DNA polymerase I
breaks that occur in the leading strand are repaired by DNA ligase
prevention of mismatched nucleotides at the replication fork by topoisomerase
removal of wrongly inserted nucleotides by the 3'-exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase III
Watson-Crick base pairing between the template and leading strand
Incorrect
Practice: DNA Structure and Replication
1. Label each part of the model to the right. Include specific nitrogen base pairs
in your labeling.
2. What molecule is it?
3. What is its purpose?
4. Where can it be found in a prokaryotic cell?
5. Where can it be found in a eukaryotic cell?
6. It gets copied during a process called replication. When does this happen?
7. What is the result of DNA replication?
8. Why is DNA replication necessary?
10. What would the chromosome to the right look like after DNA replication?
11. What would the chromosome to the right be called after DNA replication?
9. Why is DNA replication said to be semi-conservative? Draw a picture to support your answer.
TAACCGAGTTCAGA
b. TTAACCGAGTTCAGA
Genetics Unit
Sol
Sol
Dal
12. Replicate the following four DNA strands using what you know about complementary base pairs.
TACOTCCAGATITT
a. AATACGTCCAGATTTT
c. CCCGCGGAATATACA
O
book
It's Not Rocket Science 2016
d. AGGGCTACTTCAGAC
J
7
Chapter 11 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 1CSCh. 11.1 - Prob. 1EQCh. 11.1 - Prob. 2EQCh. 11.1 - CoreSKILL In the experiment of Avery, MacLeod,...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 11.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 11.2 - Core Skill: Modeling The goal of this modeling...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 2CSCh. 11.3 - If this experiment was conducted for four rounds...Ch. 11.4 - Molecular Mechanism of DNA Replication Concept...
Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 1CSCh. 11 - Why did researchers initially believe that the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2TYCh. 11 - Which of the following equations is accurate...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4TYCh. 11 - Which of the following statements about the...Ch. 11 - Meselson and Stahl were able to demonstrate...Ch. 11 - During replication of a DNA molecule, the daughter...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8TYCh. 11 - A nucleosome is a. a dark-staining body composed...Ch. 11 - The conversion of euchromatin into heterochromatin...Ch. 11 - What are the four key criteria that the genetic...Ch. 11 - A double-stranded DNA molecule contains 560...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3CQCh. 11 - Prob. 1COQCh. 11 - CoreSKILL How might you provide evidence that DNA...
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- ANALYSIS 1: Given the following sequence of bases present in the DNA coding strand, what will be the sequence on the template strand, on the MRNA strand and on the peptide? Show the sequence of amino acids if A is inserted between C-6 and T-7. (5') CTT-AGC-TGG-CCC... (3') Key-in your answers in this manner: template strand (3') XXX-XXX-XXX-XXX (3') MRNA strand (5') XXX-XXX-XXX-XXX (3) Wild-type peptide AA1-AA2-AA3-AA4 Mutant peptide AA1-AA2-AA3-AA4 2 buse n codon A. Phe Phe Sir Lni tase ne uopes n sarrow_forwardApplication/ Analysis Explain how the anti-parallel structure of DNA predicts its replication mechanism. Identify the major and minor groove of DNA and explain why they are there. Differentiate between semiconservative, conservative, and dispersive replication. Interpret a diagram of a bi-directional replication fork and correctly determine strand polarity and fork direction.arrow_forwardAKS 5b: Which statement is correct regarding the semiconservative nature of DNA? * The semiconservative nature of DNA allows for genetic stability in somatic gene production MRNA operates as a template to allow DNA to replicate itself using ribosomes The structure of the phosphate group on the DNA molecule direct the correct nucleotides into place during replication Nucleotides in each original strand serve as a template for the new strand to be made AKS 5b: Which model accurately represents the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication? * * AA AA AA AA АВ ВА AA BB AA AA АВ АС Figure A Figure B Figure C Figure Darrow_forward
- Draw a replication bubble. Be sure to label the directionality of all strands of DNA. For one of the two replication forks, draw and label all of the proteins required the text describes as being important for DNA synthesis, and label the leading and lagging strands.arrow_forward. Indicate the role of each of the following in DNA replication: (a) topoisomerase, (b) helicase, (c) primase,and (d) ligase.arrow_forwardHuman Genome Replication Rate Assume DNA replication proceeds at a rate of 100 base pairs per second in human cells and origins of replication occur every 300 kbp. Assume also that human DNA polymerases are highly processive and only two molecules of DNA polymerase arc needed per replication fork. How long would it take to replicate the entire diploid human genome? How many molecules of DNA polymerase does each cell need to carry out this task?arrow_forward
- Suppose DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA at a rate of 1130 bases per minute in a newly discovered bacteria and that bacteria replicates their chromosome every 40 min. 3' Sugar-phosphate backbone Calculate the total number of nucleotides in the bacterial chromosome. number of nucleotides: F0.34 nm A T Calculate the length of the entire bacterial chromosome using the appropriate information from the diagram of DNA. - 3.4 nm length: nm 3' 2 nmarrow_forwardReplication:- what other enzymes are involved in the initiation phase?- explain the role of primers in this phase- how is the building of the leading strand different from that of the lagging strand?arrow_forwardFigure 6-7 CONDITION (A) bacteria grown in light medium (B) bacteria grown in heavy medium TRANSFER TO LIGHT MEDIUM (C) bacteria grown an additional 1 hour in light medium RESULT centrifugal force centrifugal force centrifugal force INTERPRETATION AVIV AVVY AVVI light DNA molecules AMM heavy DNA molecules OR WW DNA molecules of intermediate weight In the original Meselson-Stahl experiment shown above bacteria were cultured in 15N-containing "heavy" medium and thenarrow_forward
- art B-Processes occurring at a bacterial replication fork The diagram below shows a bacterial replication fork and its principal proteins. Drag the labels to their appropriate locations in the diagram to describe the name or function of each structure. Use pink labels for the pink targets and blue labels for the blue targ Replaces RNA primers with DNA nucleotides. Catalyzes phosphodiester bond formation, joining DNA fragments. Leading strand Breaks hydrogen bonds, unwinding DNA double helix. Synthesizes DNA 5' to 3 on leading and lagging strands. Lagging strand Coats single-stranded DNA, preventing duplex formation. Relaxes supercoiled DINA. Synthesizes RNA primers on leading and lagging strands. e Overall direction of synthesis reset ? helparrow_forwardCorrect order ib which the following enzynes would operate to fix a damaged nucleotide in a human gene. a) nuclease, DNA polymerase, RNA primase b) helicase, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase c) DNA ligase, nuclease, helicase d) nuclease, DNA polymerase, DNA ligasearrow_forwardCan u provide a replication fork structure using deoxyribose, phosphate, guanine, adenine, cytosine, and thyminearrow_forward
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