Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 1TY
Which of the following is an example of an epigenetic change that alters gene expression?
- chromatin remodeling
- covalent histone modification
- localization of histone variants
- DNA methylation
- all of the above
Expert Solution & Answer
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Epigenetic is referred to as the study of heritable alterations in the gene expression that does not include any change to the underlying deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence.
Answer to Problem 1TY
The correct answer is option (e) all of the above.
Explanation of Solution
Explanation for the correct answer:
Option (e) all of the above. The examples of epigenetic alterations include DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, covalent histone modification, and localization histone. In the case of chromatin remodeling, the changes in the architecture of chromatin can prevent the expression of some specific genes. So, the correct answer is option (e).
Explanation for incorrect answer:
Option (a) chromatin remodeling. Chromatin remodeling is one of the examples of epigenetic change. However, DNA methylation also affects certain gene expression. So, this is an incorrect option.
Option (b) covalent histone modification. Histone functions in packaging the DNA into structural units known as nucleosomes. The histone modification can prevent the expression of a gene. Moreover, chromatin remodeling also affects the expression of certain genes. So, this is an incorrect option.
Option (c) localization of histone variants. The localization of histone variants affects the readability of the DNA by the cell. However, DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling also affect gene expression. So, this is an incorrect option.
Option (d) DNA methylation. The addition of the methyl group to the portion of DNA affects the expression of certain genes. However, the other examples of epigenetic alteration are chromatin remodeling, localization of histone variants, and covalent histone modification. So, this is an incorrect option.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Epigenetic phenomena involve
DNA methylation and histone acetylation
genetic mutation
chromosomal rearrangements
gene inversions
Which of the following is true about epigenetic modifications?
-Epigenetic modifications always repress transcription
-Epigenetic modifications are irreversible
-Epigenetic modifications only occur on the tails of histone proteins
-Epigenetic modifications influence the relationship between DNA and
histone proteins
Match the following changes with the correct responses. (Some answers may be used more than once. Some answers may not be used.)
Deacetylation of histones
Methylation of cytosines
a single nucleotide polymorphism, where adenine may be
present instead of cytosine
phosphorylation of cytosines
is an epigenetic change that
is an epigenetic change that
[Choose ]
is an epigenetic change that results in decreased gene transcription
is not an epigenetic change
✓ is an epigenetic change that results in increased gene transcription
is an epigenetic change that could either increase or decrease gene transcription
Chapter 16 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 16.1 - Which of the following is an epigenetic change...Ch. 16.2 - If you crossed an Igf 2 Igf 2- male mouse to an...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 16.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 16.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 16.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 16.3 - Which of the following statements regarding...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 16.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 16.5 - Prob. 1BC
Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 16.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 16.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 16.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 16.6 - Prob. 1BCCh. 16.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 16.6 - Genes that are linked do not conform to Mendels...Ch. 16 - Which of the following is an example of an...Ch. 16 - In mice, the allele of the Igf2 gene that is...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3TYCh. 16 - The marking process for genomic imprinting...Ch. 16 - According to Mary Lyons hypothesis, the patchwork...Ch. 16 - Prob. 6TYCh. 16 - Prob. 7TYCh. 16 - Prob. 8TYCh. 16 - Prob. 9TYCh. 16 - Prob. 10TYCh. 16 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 16 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 16 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 16 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 16 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Possible genetic modifications that can cause epigenetic changes in gene expression include: A- all answers are correct B- histone acetylation C- chromatin remodeling D- histone variant localization  e- DNA methylationarrow_forwardWhich of the following epigenetic changes could lead to reduced transcription of a particular gene?. Please make sure to select all correct answersarrow_forwardThe diagram below shows the structure of DNA from the level of a gene to a condensed mitotic chromosome. At each of the four locations marked, indicate how a gene may be regulated by selecting from the choices given. Some answer choices may fit into more than one position; however, you should use each answer choice only once. Choices given: Alternative splicing within the gene sequence can lead to different forms of mRNA. A promoter region can be blocked by another protein. Histone deacetylation can prevent DNA from unwinding. A regulatory region can be bound and increase transcription rates.arrow_forward
- The following is true about epigenetic gene control: O epigenetic changes to the chromatin may result from childhood development epigenetic changes to the chromatin may result from chemicals in the environment O epigenetic changes to the chromatin may result in cancer O An example of a chromatin change is DNA methylation that prevents gene expression from that area of the DNAarrow_forwardWhich of the following is a correct statement about epigenetics? Group of answer choices Increased methylation of histones = decreased gene expression Decreased acetylation of histones = increased gene expression Adenine nucleotides are often directly methylated in vertebrate genomes Guanine nucleotides are often directly acetylated in vertebrate genomesarrow_forwardMatch each example of mutation to the correct effect on function. Hypomorphic mutation Hypermorphic mutation Antimorphic mutation Neomorphic A deletion results in the loss of part of a protein and the protein retains some of its normal activity. A mutant allele makes a protein with increased cataytic activity. A mutant form of a transcription factor binds new DNA sequences to activate different genes. A mutant from of a receptor protein interferes with the function of the wild-type receptor through heterodimerization.arrow_forward
- What are the details of the epigenetic processes involved in gene regulation of Histone Modification and DNA methylation? Summarizing these concepts please: All possible enzymes involved ; Reader/writer/eraser designation for the enzyme; Effect on gene expression or consequences; function of the modificationarrow_forwardWhich of the following mutations would not convert a proto-oncogene into an oncogene? A translocation that places the gene at a new locus where gene expression is increased. A mutation in the coding region that makes the protein resisitant to degradation. Gene duplication. A mutation in the coding region that makes the protein hyperactive. A deletion of an enhancer that lies 3’ to the coding region.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT true of DNA-methylation? O It is an epigenetic change. O It involves the addition of a methyl group to a DNA molecule. O It causes a gene to not be expressed. O It changes the genetic sequence of DNA.arrow_forward
- Epigenetic changes in gene regulation are caused by ________. missing nucleotides or chromosomes missing nucleotides or chromosomes mutations of the nucleotide sequence mutations of the nucleotide sequence modifications to histones and the DNA, but not the nucleotide sequence itselfarrow_forwardTransmission of information that is not contained within the sequence of DNA to daughter cells at cell division is called epigenetic inheritance. true falsearrow_forwardHeritable effects of gene expression that are not caused by a change in DNA sequence are called epigenic changes. What causes these changes?arrow_forward
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