Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 20.2, Problem 1CC
Development in Animals I: Pattern Formation
Concept Check: What would you expect to be the
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Fluorescence Mapping of Blastomere in Sea Urchins
Fate mapping is a technique that allows determination of the fate of cells from the three germ layers. In worms, the endoderm gives rise to the cells that line the intestines. The ectoderm gives rise to cells of the nervous system and body covering. The mesoderm gives rise to the muscles and other organs between the ectoderm and mesoderm. A researcher is tracing the fate of a particular cell (blastomere) from its position in one of the three germ layers of sea urchin blastulae by injecting a fluorescent tag in cells of the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Several weeks later, the sea urchin embryos were analyzed for the presence of fluorescence in specific tissues. The following results were obtained.
Tissue
Percent increase fluorescence over background when dye is injected in the ectoderm
Percent increase fluorescence over background when dye is injected in the mesoderm
Percent increase fluorescence over background when dye is…
Match the following some are redundant please explain why?:
Axis specification
Pattern formation
Genes encoding Nodal signnaling pathway members.
Achondroplasia
A gene which when present on th X chromosome due to a translocation cause 46, XX Differences in sex development.
Organogenesis
A family of genes which are found in 4 clusters of several related genes on the hiuman chromosomes .
Genes which are found on the chromosomes in the same order as their expression pattern along with anterior-posterior axis in the early vertebrate embryo.
HOX genes
SOX9
SRY
Cells moving and changing shape to form the alveoli of the developing lung
Mutations in these genes can cause congenital heart defects
PAX6
Establishing which cells will later become each of the different parts of the eye
Establishing which cells in the early embryo will develop into the front or the back
A condition caused by mutations in a gene encoding a FGF receptor
Pax genes
+Describe the process of implantation of the embryo, what cells are involved and their roles.
+Describe placentation
Chapter 20 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 20.1 - 20.1 General Themes in Development Concept Check:...Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20.1 - Prob. 1CSCh. 20.2 - Development in Animals I: Pattern Formation...Ch. 20.2 - Development in Animals I: Pattern Formation...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 20.2 - Core Skill: Modeling The goal of this modeling...Ch. 20.2 - Development in Animals I: Pattern Formation Core...Ch. 20.3 - Development in Animals II: Cell Differentiation...Ch. 20.3 - Development in Animals II: Cell Differentiation...
Ch. 20.3 - Development in Animals II: Cell Differentiation...Ch. 20.3 - Development in Animals II: Cell Differentiation...Ch. 20.3 - Development in Animals II: Cell Differentiation...Ch. 20.4 - Development in Plants Concept Check: Where are...Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20 - The process whereby a cells morphology and...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2TYCh. 20 - Positional information is important in determining...Ch. 20 - Morphogens are a. molecules that disrupt normal...Ch. 20 - Prob. 5TYCh. 20 - Arrange the following phases of pattern formation...Ch. 20 - Prob. 7TYCh. 20 - Which of the following genes do not play a role in...Ch. 20 - An embryonic stem cell that can give rise to any...Ch. 20 - Prob. 10TYCh. 20 - Prob. 1CQCh. 20 - The MyoD gene in mammals plays a role in muscle...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3CQCh. 20 - Prob. 1COQCh. 20 - Is it possible for a phenotypically normal female...
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- Discuss Concepts Experimentally, it is possible to divide an amphibian egg so that the gray crescent is wholly within one of the two cells formed. If the two cells are separated, only the cell with the gray crescent will form an embryo with a long axis, notochord, nerve cord, and back musculature. The other forms a shapeless mass of immature gut and blood cells. Propose an explanation for these outcomes.arrow_forwardDiscuss Concepts Developmental biologist Lewis Wolpert once observed that it is not birth, marriage or death, but gastrulation which is truly the most important time in your life. In what sense is he correct?arrow_forwardActivity 8: Sequencing Meiotic StagesLabel the stage of meiosis in each box below each diagram. Then, cut out each figure and arrange the cells so they reflect the proper order of stages of meiosis -starting with a cell in interphase and ending with the completion of meiosis. Write the letter sequence of the cells in your Lab, Activity #8.AMeiosis in animal cellarrow_forward
- Amniocentesis and genetic screening reveal that a fetus carries a defective L1-CAM gene. What defects do you expect, and why?arrow_forwardNot syncing 7. Which of the following best explains the development of twins? a. In the case of both identical and fraternal twins, the placenta and chorion may be shared, but it is very rare for both the placenta and the amniotic sac to be shared. b. In the case of fraternal twins, each fetus usually has its own placenta, chorion, and amniotic sac. Identical twins may each have their own placenta, chorion, and amniotic sac. In some cases, they share the placenta and the chorion; it is very rare for both the placenta and amniotic sac to be shared. c. In the case of both identical and fraternal twins, each twin has its own placenta, chorion, nd amniotic sac. d. In the case of fraternal twins, each fetus usually has its own placenta, chorion, and amniotic sac. Identical twins share the placenta and the chorion, and sometimes the amniotic sac. 田arrow_forwardReflect on the understandings of the mechanisms by which cells are able to govern embryonic development. Specifically, what was your current understanding or speculations regarding the molecular mechanisms by which cells are able to: 1. Control their proliferation 2. Transition into different types of cells 3. Move 4. Shape developing tissuesarrow_forward
- please help name the stages in 5 & 4arrow_forwardexplain further. What are the characteristics of the cleavage embryo?arrow_forwardEmploying molecular genetics, epigenetics and developmental biology principles, elucidate how the over 200 cell types in humans originate from a single fertilized ovum.arrow_forward
- --------------- A. Answer the following questions briefly (3-5 sentences only).1. How are the three axes for symmetry in the animal bodies established?2. Explain how the different germ layers give rise to different tissue types.3. Explain the role of axis formation in development B. write down the autapomorphic traits for the c3, c4, CAM plants and include their distinct environments Link: https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/the-ecology-of-photosynthetic-pathways-15785165/arrow_forwardGive examples of genes that affect development in fruit flies by regulating gene expression at the level of (a) transcription and (b) translation.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not Counting b-Fooding e-Freezing d-Media preparation e-Thawing 7- Which of the following questions is not of a-How do developmental errors arise? b-How do cells communicate with each other? e-How do germ cells created during development? d-What mechanisms of developmental control exist? e-How does the zygote acquire the complex shape of the adult organism? of the fundamental experiments in developmental 8- Which of the following experiment history? a-Roux's frog egg experiment b-Meselson and Stahl experiment e-Malpighi's drawing of chick embryo d-Sea urchin embryos by Driesch e-August Weismann's Theory of Nuclear Determinants experiment Please please please solve the question in less than half an hourarrow_forward
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