Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 24.6, Problem 1SB
What assumption underlies the use of genetic sequence differences between species as a molecular clock?
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What is the purpose of a molecular clock?
You want to make a phylogenetic tree of a group of three related species of lizards that live on an island. Their genome sequences are highly similar except for a gene that controls body size. In that region of the genome, one of the lizard species has one copy of the growth control gene (L1), the second species has a duplication of the growth control gene (L2) and the third species has three copies of the same gene (L3). The lizard species show an increase in size depending on how many copies of the growth control gene they have (L1 is smallest, L2 is medium-sized and L3 is largest). Is this enough information to determine the phylogenetic relationships between the species, and predict which of the species arrived on the island first (and is the ancestral species)?
Yes, because the ancestral lizard genome probably had a single copy of the growth control gene and after arriving on the island it was duplicated, resulting in species L2, and then another duplication occurred resulting in…
Which of the following best explains why coalescent-based phylogenetic inference is important in the age of phylogenomics?
A) Coalescent-based methods directly model gene tree histories independently to infer the species tree in a summary-based manner, which is important for phylogenomic analysis were hundreds to thousands of gene histories are analyzed.
B) Coalescent-based methods have the most advanced evolutionary models of molecular evolution, which is important for phylogenomic analysis were hundreds to thousands of gene histories are analyzed.
C) Coalescent-based methods are no more important than other types of phylogenetic inference, even for phylogenomic analyses.
D) None of the above.
Chapter 24 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 24.1 - How does the system of binomial nomenclature...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.2 - What is the difference between a phylogenetic tree...Ch. 24.2 - What are the differences between a monophyletic...Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 24.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.5 - How does outgroup comparison facilitate the...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 24.6 - What assumption underlies the use of genetic...Ch. 24.6 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.7 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.7 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24 - The evolutionary history of a group of organisms...Ch. 24 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 24 - Which of the following does not help systematists...Ch. 24 - In a cladistic analysis, a systematist groups...Ch. 24 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 24 - When systematists study morphological or...Ch. 24 - Which of the following pairs of structures are...Ch. 24 - To construct a phylogenetic tree by applying the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 24 - Imagine that you are a systematist studying a...Ch. 24 - Design an Experiment Imagine that you are trying...Ch. 24 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 24 - The phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae)...
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- What is the basis of using a molecular clock to determine when two species diverged from a common ancestor?arrow_forwardWhat is the molecular clock?arrow_forwardThe genome relatedness of different organisms can be shown with a phylogenetic tree constructed based on DNA sequence. (1) Why DNA sequences could be used to deduce genome relationship? (2) What else may be used to suggest the relatedness of different genomes?arrow_forward
- Do these phylogenetic trees tell the same story?arrow_forwardWhat is an Analogy? A) When an anatomic feature is shared among organisms and their descendants B) When two organisms appear the same C) When convergent evolution produces similar phenotypesarrow_forwardWhich statement is usually true about phylogenetic trees? a) nodes represent points when traits have evolved b) branch tips that are next to each other are more closely related c) the branching pattern describes the hypothesized evolutionary relationships between the taxa d) the order of the branch tips (left to right) indicates which taxa are more advanced evolutionarilyarrow_forward
- The approach to estimating phylogenetic trees is most like the approach of which species concept? 2) A) Morphological species concept B) Biological species conceptC) Subspecies concept D) Phylogenetic species concept Then explain why the answer is correct and the rest are inccorect.arrow_forwardWhat is the phylogenetic definition of a species? A) A group of individuals that can breed and produce viable offspring B) A group of interbreeding individuals that share the same environment C) A group of individuals that share a common ancestorarrow_forwardReferring to the phylogenetic tree shown above, answer the following questions: 1. How many OTUs are included in the phylogenetic analysis? 2. How many clades are there? 3. What is an autapomorphic trait of the domestic cat? Explain why? 4. What is the shared derived trait (synapomorphy) in the Family Felidae? Explain why?arrow_forward
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