Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134156415
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5.8, Problem 21CYU
What chemicals produced in the skin help provide barriers to bacteria? List at least three and explain how the chemicals are protective.
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What feature of the skin creates a physical barrier to microbial invasion?
Group of answer choices
The outer layers are composed of cells full of protein which forms NETs to trap microbes until they are shed.
The surface is constantly patrolled by phagocytic cells.
The outer layers are dead cells, tightly linked together, and are frequently shed.
All of these mechanisms can provide defense against microbial invaders.
The oil secreted onto the surface of the skin traps microbes, preventing penetration.
The fine hairs move microbes to mucous membranes for phagocytosis.
Besides acting as mechanical barriers, the skin epidermis and mucosae of the body have other attributes that contribute to their protective roles. Cite the common body locations and the importance of mucus, lysozyme, keratin, acid pH, and cilia.
Our bodies are covered in bacteria, even pathogenic strains. Name and describe three defenses our skin has to prevent infections from these bacteria?
Chapter 5 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
Ch. 5.1 - Which layer of the skin-dermis or epidermis-is...Ch. 5.2 - While walking barefoot in a barn, Jeremy stepped...Ch. 5.2 - The stratum basale is also called the stratum...Ch. 5.2 - Why are the desmosomes connecting the...Ch. 5.3 - Which layer of the dermis is responsible for...Ch. 5.3 - Which tissue of the hypodermis makes it a good...Ch. 5.3 - You have just gotten a paper cut. It is very...Ch. 5.4 - Melanin and carotene are two pigments that...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 9CYUCh. 5.4 - Which alteration in skin color may indicate a...
Ch. 5.5 - What are the concentric regions of a hair shaft,...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 12CYUCh. 5.5 - What is the role of an arrectorpili muscle?Ch. 5.5 - What is the function of the hair papilla?Ch. 5.6 - Why is the lunule of a nail white instead of pink...Ch. 5.6 - Why are nails so hard?Ch. 5.7 - Which cutaneous glands are associated with hair...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 18CYUCh. 5.7 - Prob. 19CYUCh. 5.7 - Sebaceous glands are not found in thick skin. Why...Ch. 5.8 - What chemicals produced in the skin help provide...Ch. 5.8 - Which epidermal cells play a role in body...Ch. 5.8 - How is sunlight important to bone health?Ch. 5.8 - Prob. 24CYUCh. 5.9 - Which type of skin cancer develops from the...Ch. 5.9 - What name is given to the rule for recognizing the...Ch. 5.9 - The healing of burns and epidermal regeneration is...Ch. 5.9 - Prob. 28CYUCh. 5 - Which epidermal cell type is most numerous? (a)...Ch. 5 - Which cell functions as part of the immune system?...Ch. 5 - The epidermis provides a physical barrier due...Ch. 5 - Skin color is determined by (a) the amount of...Ch. 5 - The sensations of touch and pressure are picked up...Ch. 5 - Which is not a true statement about the papillary...Ch. 5 - Skin surface markings that reflect points of tight...Ch. 5 - Which of the following is not an epidermal...Ch. 5 - An arrector pili muscle (a) is associated with...Ch. 5 - Prob. 10MCCh. 5 - Sebum (a) lubricates the surface of the skin and...Ch. 5 - Prob. 12MCCh. 5 - Which epidermal cells are also called prickle...Ch. 5 - Is a bald man really hairless? Explain.Ch. 5 - You go to the beach to swim on an extremely hot,...Ch. 5 - Prob. 16SAQCh. 5 - Describe the process of hair formation, and list...Ch. 5 - Prob. 18SAQCh. 5 - Prob. 19SAQCh. 5 - Prob. 20SAQCh. 5 - Why are there no skin cancers that originate from...Ch. 5 - A man got his finger caught in a machine at the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 23SAQCh. 5 - A common belief is that having your hair cut makes...Ch. 5 - Integumentary System A terrible collision between...Ch. 5 - Integumentary System A terrible collision between...Ch. 5 - Integumentary System A terrible collision between...Ch. 5 - Integumentary System A terrible collision between...
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- Explain the following Sweat glands in the armpits secrete perspiration with a pH close to neutral (7.0). How does this fact help explain body odor in this area as compared to other parts of the skin? Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) preferentially destroys CD4+ cells. Specifically, what effect does this have on antibody and cell-mediated immunity? How does a phagocyte “know” it is in contact with a pathogen instead of another body cell?arrow_forwardUsing the diagram below answer the following: What is a role of minor H antigens in skin graft rejection process? What is a difference between cases of graft rejected rapidly vs graft rejected slowly? What requirements have to be met to insure that graft will be tolerated? What testing should be performed to prevent rejection?arrow_forwardList and describe the steps in inflammation and describe how it can be helpful.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is a barrier against pathogens provided by the skin? a. low pH b. mucus c. tears d. ciliaarrow_forwardWhich is NOT a role of sebum in the innate immune system. Group of answer choices dehydrates microbes keeps skin pliable and less likely to tear contains antimicrobial proteins lowers pHarrow_forwardWhy are there limited number of preparations applied on the skin that causes systemic effects?arrow_forward
- Identify the major mechanical and chemical defenses that protect internal tissues from microbial attack.arrow_forwardExplain how unbroken skin, the phagocytic action of neutrophilsand macrophages, inflammation, and cell-mediated immunity allhelp to protect against staphylococcal infection.arrow_forwardThe dead outer surface of skin (not mucous membranes) uses which of the following innate defenses to inhibit microbial growth? Choose all that apply. Group of answer choices Prion production Interferon production Low pH Drynessarrow_forward
- What is inflamation? Why is it important to the healing process?arrow_forwardWhat is the role of the immune system in the prevention and treatment of chronic wound infections, and how can understanding the interactions between the host immune response and microbial pathogens lead to the development of more effective therapeutic interventions?arrow_forward3. A 28-year-old man has the rash shown on his elbows and knees. Abnormal proliferation of which of the following cell types in the skin best explains the scaling? A) Fibroblasts B) Histiocytes C) Keratinocytes D) Langerhans cells E) Mast cells F) Melanocytes G) Neutrophilsarrow_forward
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