Concept explainers
What are three attributes of mitochondria and chloroplasts that suggest they were once free-living bacteria?
To review:
The three attributes of mitochondria and chloroplasts that suggest they were once free-living bacteria.
Introduction:
Mitochondria and chloroplast are two different cell organelles. Mitochondria functions in the production of energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and the function of the chloroplast is to convert solar light energy into sugar.
Explanation of Solution
Mitochondria and chloroplast are the eukaryotic organelles, which are similar to the bacterial cell.
Similar to the bacterial genome, the mitochondria and chloroplast contain their own genetic material. The genetic material is in the form of small, circular chromosomes. The extra chromosomal material, that is, the plasmid, is also present in the mitochondria and chloroplast, similar to the bacteria. Since these organelles possess their own genetic material, they synthesize their own protein.
The mitochondria and chloroplast produce their own ribosomes. The protein production pattern in these organelles is also similar to that in bacteria. It starts with the N-formylmethionine amino acid.
The mitochondria and chloroplast make their own copies by the process of binary fission, which is same as the bacterial cell division. Mitochondria and chloroplast also divide and give rise to identical organelles like bacteria.
These attributes of the mitochondria and chloroplast suggest that these organelles were once free-living bacteria.
The three attributes of mitochondria and chloroplasts that suggest they were once free-living bacteria are that they both produce their own ribosomes as well as small, circular chromosomes, and they both divide independently by binary fission like bacteria.
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Biological Science (7th Edition)
- What is the endosymbiotic hypothesis about the origin of mitochondria? What are the molecular facts that support the hypothesis? To which other cellular organelles can the hypothesis also be applied?arrow_forwardName three facts that show that mitochondria have bacterial origins.arrow_forwardAccording to the endosymbiotic theory, why did the primitive eukaryotic cell fail to digest the non-photosynthetic prokaryote that later became an energy-producing organelle? Because the engulfed cell provided the host cell with carbon dioxide. Because the host cell was able to survive anaerobic conditions with the engulfed cell alive. Because the engulfed cell allowed the host cell to metabolize glucose. Because the engulfed cell provided the host cell with adenosine triphosphate (ATP).arrow_forward
- Based on the presence of mitochondria and chloroplast within eukaryotic cells, what organelle do you think originated within eukaryotic cells first: mitochondria or chloroplast? Why?arrow_forwardDo prokaryotic cells have mitochondria?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is correct? a) Chloroplasts are only found plants O b) Mitochondria are only present in animals, fungi, and protists c) Mitochondria and chloroplasts are eukaryotic organisms d) Both mitochondria and chloroplasts originate from endosymbiosis e) Chloroplasts are found in bacteriaarrow_forward
- How come eukaryotic cells are about 10X larger than prokaryotic cells and are still able to function?arrow_forwardIn prokaryotes that carry out aerobic respiration, the ________ serves the same purpose as the inner mitochondrial membrane and the ________ serves the same purpose as the mitochondrial matrix. A) ribosomes; plasma membrane B) cytoplasm; plasma membrane C) cytoplasm; cell wall D) cytoplasm; nucleoid E) plasma membrane; cytoplasmarrow_forwardThe endosymbiotic theory pertains to which organelle within eukaryotes because of the presence of 70S ribosomes, circular DNA, and the replication of this organelle independent from mitosis? O 1) nucleus O 2) lysosomes. O 3) golgi 4) endoplasmic reticulum 5: O 5) mitochondriaarrow_forward
- The Prokaryotes are associated with the following structures EXCEPT: A) ribosomes, B) Lysosomes and liposomes, C) a nucleoid area, D) mesosomes, E) chlorophyll.arrow_forwardQuestion 11 Which of the following organelles is NOT found in both plant and animal cells? a) ribosomes b) mitochondria c) centrioles d) Golgi apparatus e) more than 1 of the above Question 12 There are four elements that make up all amino acids. Two of these are carbon and hydrogen. The other two are: a) sulfur and oxygen b) phosphorus and oxygen c) sulfur and nitrogen d) phosphorus and nitrogen e) nitrogen and oxygen Question 13 In the response to raising the pH of the blood: hydrogen ions are donated carbon dioxide is kept in the blood bicarbonate ion is expelled from the body carbonic acid is made more than 1 of the abovearrow_forwardIf Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles, can Prokaryotic cells perform the same functions as membrane-bound organelles?arrow_forward
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