Essentials of Biology (5th International Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781259660269
Author: Sylvia S. Mader, Dr., Michael Windelspecht
Publisher: Mcgraw-Hill
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7.3, Problem 1LO
Explain why fermentation pathways are beneficial when oxygen is not available
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In the absence of oxygen, the primary purpose of fermentation is to:
generate glucose for ATP synthesis
generate alcohol for beverages
regenerate NAD+ from NADH allowing glycolysis to continue
produce amino acids for protein synthesis
oxidize glucose to generate oxygen
Give examples of products that yeast and bacteria produce via fermentation.
Explain how fermentation acts as a NAD+recycling system
Chapter 7 Solutions
Essentials of Biology (5th International Edition)
Ch. 7.1 - Explain the role of cellular respiration in a cellCh. 7.1 - State the overall reaction for glucose breakdown.Ch. 7.1 - List the four phases of cellular respiration, and...Ch. 7.1 - Explain why cellular respiration is needed by the...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 7.1 - Summarize the four stages of cellular respiration,...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 1ACh. 7.1 - Prob. 2ACh. 7.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 7.2 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 7.2 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 7.2 - Contrast the energy-investment step of glycolysis...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 7.2 - Prob. 3ACh. 7.2 - Prob. 4ACh. 7.3 - Explain why fermentation pathways are beneficial...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 7.3 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 7.3 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 7.3 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 7.3 - Prob. 5ACh. 7.3 - Prob. 6ACh. 7.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 7.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 7.4 - 3. Identify the inputs and outputs of each pathway...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 4LOCh. 7.4 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 7.4 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 7.4 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 7.4 - Prob. 7ACh. 7.4 - Prob. 8ACh. 7.4 - Prob. 9ACh. 7.4 - Prob. 10ACh. 7.4 - Prob. 11ACh. 7.4 - Prob. 12ACh. 7.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 7.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 7.5 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 7.5 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 7.5 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 7.5 - Prob. 13ACh. 7.5 - Prob. 14ACh. 7.5 - Prob. 15ACh. 7 - Prob. 1BYBCh. 7 - Prob. 2BYBCh. 7 - How are other organic nutrients, such as fats and...Ch. 7 - Prob. S3.2BYBCh. 7 - Prob. S4.4BYBCh. 7 - Prob. S5.2BYBCh. 7 - The compound malonate , a substrate of the citric...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2TCCh. 7 - Prob. 3TCCh. 7 - Prob. 4TC
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- a) What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? b) What pathway do they have in common? c) How do the byproducts of fermentation differ among organisms such as yeast, bacteria and animals?arrow_forwardwhat molecule is split in the fermentation reaction that produces carbon dioxide?arrow_forwardExplain fermentation’s role in NAD+ regeneration.arrow_forward
- Use drawings, flow charts, or a table to compare and contrast the energy inputs and outputs during each phase of aerobic respiration vs. fermentation. Be sure to directly discuss inputs and outputs of BOTH processes. Include all phosphorylated compounds and high-energy electron carriers, and briefly EXPLAIN HOW these are produced at each stage of respiration. WHERE does each stage happen? Explain HOW energy from high energy electron carriers is converted to ATP during respiration in mitochondria or aerobic bacteria.arrow_forwardThe main purpose of NADH in fermentation is: a. To produce alcohol in heterolactic fermentation b. To be oxidized in order to regenerate NAD+ c. reduce lactic acid in homolactic fermentationarrow_forwardFor cells that are capable of aerobic cellular respiration and fermentation, such as yeast cells, one pathway may be favored over the other in certain circumstances. Which of the following accurately describes an advantage of the fermentation pathway, when compared to aerobic cellular respiration? A) Fermentation is quicker because it does not involve glycolysis B)Fermentation can occur in the absence of oxygen (O2) C)Fermentation generates a higher amoung of ATP per glucose substrate D)Fermentation is less costly for the cell because it does not involve enzymes 10.arrow_forward
- Why does fermentation produce less ATP than aerobic respiration? explain.arrow_forwardIs it possible to perform aerobic fermentation using yeast? Explain why and compare the fermentation pathway with anaerobic pathway.arrow_forwardThe main purpose of NADH in fermentation is: To carry electrons to the electron transport chain To be a reducing agent in order to regenerate NAD+ To produce alcohol in heterolactic fermentation To reduce lactic acid in homolactic fermentationarrow_forward
- Which of the following best defines fermentation? A) The reduction of metabolic intermediates to regenerate NAD from NADH B) The production of CO2 by the enzymes of the TCA cycle C) The dumping of electrons onto acceptors such as NO3 by the electron transport chain D) The oxidation of metabolic intermediates to regenerate NAD from NADH E) The production of ATP by glycolytic enzymesarrow_forwardYeast are facultative anaerobic organisms that can make ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but are also capable of switching to fermentation under anaerobic conditions. For thousands of years, humans have used yeast, such as Saccharomyces cervesisiae, to ferment grapes (starch sugar) to make wine (alcoholic beverage). Four batches of wine were made following the contents and conditions listed in the table below, Contents and Conditions of Four Batches of Wine Yeast Solution Water Grape Solution Batch Added Container (L) (L) (L) Lid 1 40 0.0 8 оpen 2 40 0.2 8 closed 40 0.2 8. оpen 4 40 0.2 closed 9. The yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) would produce the greatest amount of ATP is the batch of wine numbered 1 4 D. The highest alcohol (ethanol) content would be found in the batch of wine numbered 02 3arrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE about termentation? O a. Alcohol fermentation is the kind of fermentation that occurs in human muscle cells O b. In lactic acid fermentation NADH donates hydrogen and becomes NAD+ which is reused by glycolysis O c. Fermentation begins at the end of glycolysis so the substrate for fermentation is glucose O d. Fermentation is an aerobic process which means it does not use oxygen O e. The reactants of alcoholic fermentation are yeast, sugar, and CO2arrow_forward
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