Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337613316
Author: Frederick J Gravetter, Lori-Ann B. Forzano
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7.4, Problem 8LO
Describe the purpose for control conditions in experimental research, define the two basic types of control conditions (no-treatment and placebo), and identity control conditions when they appear in research reports.
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A research team wants to investigate the usefulness of relaxation training for reducing levels of anxiety in individuals experiencing stress. They identify 34 people at random from a group of 100 who have "high stress" jobs. The 34 people are randomly divided into two groups. One group acts as the control group and receive no training. The second group of 17 receive the relaxation training. The subjects in each group are then given an anxiety inventory. The summarized results appear below where higher scores indicate greater anxiety.Control Group: n = 17, mean = 31, standard deviation = 6.63Relaxation Group: n = 17, mean = 26, standard deviation = 6.20
A research team wants to investigate the usefulness of relaxation training for reducing levels of anxiety in individuals experiencing stress. They identify 34 people at random from a group of 100 who have "high stress" jobs. The 34 people are randomly divided into two groups. One group acts as the control group and receive no training. The second group of 17 receive the relaxation training. The subjects in each group are then given an anxiety inventory. The summarized results appear below where higher scores indicate greater anxiety.
Control Group: n = 17, mean = 31, standard deviation = 6.63Relaxation Group: n = 17, mean = 26, standard deviation = 6.20
A: What type of test should you conduct? One-sample t test, Independent 2-sample t test, Paired sample t test?B. Should you reject or retain the null hypothesis using an alpha level of 0.05 (two tailed test)?C: Construct a 68% confidence interval around the anticipated difference.D: Calculate a Cohen’s d effect size value.
Biostatistics is integral to the field of epidemiology, which is defined as study of health and illness in human populations, patterns of health or disease, and the factors that influence these patterns.
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 7.1 - Describe the general purpose of an experimental...Ch. 7.1 - Define independent, dependent, and extraneous...Ch. 7.1 - Describe the third-variable problem and the...Ch. 7.2 - Explain why manipulation of an independent...Ch. 7.2 - Explain why control of extraneous variables is a...Ch. 7.2 - Explain how an extraneous variable can become a...Ch. 7.3 - Describe the three primary techniques for...Ch. 7.4 - Describe the purpose for control conditions in...Ch. 7.4 - Explain when a manipulation check is needed,...Ch. 7.4 - Define field studies and simulation, explain why...
Ch. 7 - In addition to the key words, you should also be...Ch. 7 - Dr. Jones conducted a study examining the...Ch. 7 - In an experiment examining human memory, two...Ch. 7 - It has been demonstrated that students with high...Ch. 7 - A researcher would like to compare two methods for...Ch. 7 - Define extraneous variable and explain how...Ch. 7 - Identify the two characteristics needed for a...Ch. 7 - Identify the two active methods of preventing...Ch. 7 - Explain how the process of randomly assigning...Ch. 7 - Can a research study be an experiment without a...Ch. 7 - What is the general purpose of a manipulation...Ch. 7 - What is the general purpose for using a simulation...
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- A research study examining differences in the effectiveness of three treatment conditions in combatting anxiety has three levels. True Falsearrow_forwardHow might the absence of data screening affect a researcher’s data quality, their interpretations of the data, and thereby their interpretations of their study’s findings?arrow_forwardYou are conducting a study to analyze gender differences in neurocognitive impairment (NCI) within a sample of cocaine-dependent methadone-maintained patients. You found 3 demographic characteristics that produced significant effects on NCI. They are gender, race, and age. Please answer both parts a and b. a) What statistical analysis would you use to see simultaneously the contributions of socio-demographic variables (gender (male/female), race (White, Black, Latino, Asian), and age (in years) on self-reported NCI, a normal continuous outcome (higher scores indicate higher NCI)? b) How many independent variables will there be in your model? Describe (1) what they are, (2) how you would create them, and (3) interpretation for each coefficient.arrow_forward
- A study examined the relationship between a nurse's assessment of a patient's facial expression and his or her self-reported level of pain. Data for 89 patients are summarized below: Self-Report Facial Expression No Pain Pain No Pain 17 40 Pain 3 29 We'd like to determine if there is evidence of an association between a facial expression that reflects pain and self-report pain, because dementia patients do not always give a verbal indication that they are in pain. By using SPSS or Minitab, design the appropriate test and generate the data analyses. Relate the results of the test to the research question and conclude the findings.arrow_forwardWhat is the experimental group in a study? The similar subjects who do not receive the special treatment given to the experimental group. O The entire components of a study including the control, dependent variable, independent variable, and all other parameters. O The team performing the experiment. The subjects that receive some type of special treatment in regards to the independent variable.arrow_forwardA research team wants to investigate the usefulness of relaxation training for reducing levels of anxiety in individuals experiencing stress. They identify 30 people at random from a group of 100 who have “high stress” jobs. The 30 people are divided into two groups. One group acts as the control group they receive no training. The second group of 15 receive the relaxation training. The subjects in each group are then given an anxiety inventory. The summarized results appear below where higher scores indicate greater anxiety. The raw data appear below. Evaluate her experiment using the criteria of p < 0.05. Assume it is a two-tailed test. CONTROLLED 38 40 35 36 35 32 31 30 28 26 24 21 18 34 22 RELAXED 35 32 30 34 30 32 28 27 22 22 18 17 17 25 21arrow_forward
- A research team wants to investigate the usefulness of relaxation training for reducing levels of anxiety in individuals experiencing stress. They identify 30 people at random from a group of 100 who have "high stress" jobs. The 30 people are divided into two groups. One group acts as the control group they receive no training. The second group of 15 receive the relaxation training. The subjects in each group are then given an anxiety inventory. The summarized results appear below where higher scores indicate greater anxiety. The raw data appear below. Evaluate her experiment using the criteria of p < 0.05. Assume it is a two tailed test. YSou need to perform the 5 steps in Hypothesis Testing. CONTROLLED RELAXED 38 40 35 36 35 32 31 30 28 26 24 21 35 32 30 34 30 32 28 27 22| 22 18 34 22 18 17 17 25 21arrow_forwardCoffee and Depression. Researchers conducted a study investigating the relationship between caffeinated coffee consumption and risk of depression in women. They collected data on 50,739 women free of depression symptoms at the start of the study in the year 1996, and these women were followed through 2006. The researchers used questionnaires to collect data on caffeinated coffee consumption, asked each individual about physician- diagnosed depression, and also asked about the use of antidepressants. The table below shows the distribution of incidences of depression by amount of caffeinated coffee consumption. Coffee ≤ 1 2-6 1 2-3 ≥ 4 Consumption cup/week cups/week cup/day cups/day cups/day Total Clinical Yes 670 373 905 564 95 2,607 depression No 11,545 6,244 16,329 11,726 2,288 48,132 Total 12,215 6,617 17,234…arrow_forwardDoes social rejection hurt? We often describe our emotional reaction to social rejection as “pain." Does social rejection cause activity in areas of the brain that are known to be activated by physical pain? If it does, we really do experience social and physical pain in similar ways. Psychologists first included and then deliberately excluded individuals from a social activity while they measured changes in brain activity. After each activity, the subjects filled out question- naires that assessed how excluded they felt. The table below shows data for 13 subjects. “Social distress" is measured by each subjecť's questionnaire score after exclusion relative to the score after inclusion. (So val- ues greater than 1 show the degree of distress caused by exclusion.) “Brain activity" is the change in activity in a region of the brain that is activated by physical pain. (So positive values show more pain.) Subject Social distress Brain activity 1 1.26 -0.055 1.85 -0.040 3 1.10 -0.026 4 2.50…arrow_forward
- A researcher conducts an independent-measures study examining how the brain chemical serotonin is related to aggression. One sample of rats serves as a control group and receives a placebo that does not affect normal levels of serotonin. A second sample of rats receives a drug that lowers brain levels of serotonin. Then the researcher tests the animals by recording the number of aggressive responses each of the rats display. The data are as follows. Control Low Serotonin n = 10 n = 15 M = 14 M = 19 SS = 180.5 SS = 130.0 A. Does the drug have a significant effect on aggression?Use an alpha level of .05, two tails. H0 = ________________________________________ df = _________________________________________ tcritical =…arrow_forwardWhich of the independent variables retains the strongest association with the number of children a respondent has when all other variables in the model are controlled?arrow_forwardA researcher conducts an independent-measures study examining how the brain chemical serotonin is related to aggression. One sample of rats serves as a control group and receives a placebo that does not affect normal levels of serotonin. A second sample of rats receives a drug that lowers brain levels of serotonin. Then the researcher tests the animals by recording the number of aggressive responses each of the rats display. The data are as follows. Control Low Serotonin n = 15 n = 20 M = 18 M = 22 SS = 172.5 SS = 135.0 a. What research design was used to answer this question? b. What was the scale of measurement for the dependent variable? c. What was the scale of measurement for the independent variable? d. Does the drug have a significant effect on aggression? Use an alpha level of .05, two tails. e. Compute r2 and write an…arrow_forward
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what is Research Design, Research Design Types, and Research Design Methods; Author: Educational Hub;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LpmGSioXxdo;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY