Marketization

neo-classical economics, Greener (2008) proposed two main types of benefits of the promotion of markets in welfare service delivery: 1) empowering purchasing power of service users; 2) improve competition and efficiency of providers. These benefits of marketization represent in the field of care for older people. First, the market provision empowers service users to ‘exercise consumer sovereignty’ (Greener, 2008) through greater opportunities of choices (Daly and Lewis, 2000; Drakeford, 2007). In respect

3. Marketisation of Older Care and Employment of Migrant Workers in Western Countries Researchers focus on the marketization of older care in western countries, including Northern European countries, Italy, Spain, and the UK (Bettio et al., 2006; Shutes and Chiatti, 2012). Meanwhile, there are findings revealing the difficulties of care workers recruitment and retention, as well as potential labour shortage in the care sector and demand for migrant workers (Shutes, 2014). The migrant workers they

the global economy,” (Lam, n.d.). That is to say, policy makers desired for a quality education. Additionally, seeing the economy prosperous under the concept of marketization, the policy makers implemented the concept of managerialism into the educational system. According to Yin and White (1994 as seen in Chan & Mok, 2001), “Marketization which is meant to be a process whereby education becomes a commodity provided by competitive suppliers, educational services are priced and access to them depends

In a picture, flags wave brilliantly and seemingly all range of people including soldiers, woman, and man look up at the bright sun which represents Kim Il Sung, former supreme leader of DPRK (Democratic People’s Republic Korea) with a feeling of awe. This is a short depiction of one famous North Korea’s propaganda in my view. Although it was made in the past, it is enough to show the common image of North Korea’s past and now. The phrase ‘Unchanging hermit kingdom’ which includes all assumptions

consumers and competition between schools to drive up the standards in education. Hence, the education becomes a ‘commodity’ rather than an essential basic need for everyone to benefit from. The schools operating like businesses are called marketization. Marketization of education believes that education should train the most abled students to enable them to fill the most important jobs. Young students should socialise and learn collective values and build social cohesion and solidarity. The basic new

Pursuing this discussion further, it could be implied that there is a connection drawn between education and social class. Usually when conferring about these two aspects, social class and underachievement becomes the focus of attention. “Working-class children experience a much greater cultural clash when they enter school than those from more privellaged homes” (Giddens and Griffiths, 2006, p.710). Gillborn and Youdell (2000) took this further suggesting how teachers believed that ability was ‘fixed’

What is Neo-liberalism? Neo-liberalism is based on the theory that society should be shaped by the free market and the economy should be deregulated and privatised and also taxes should be reduced. Neoliberalism is defined by Investopedia (2016) as a “policy model that transfers the control of economic factor to the private sector from the public sector”. Moreover, the private sector should be subsidised and owned by the global capitalist. Neo- liberalism became popular in the 1970’s and this approach

the North Korean economy. Unlike the political structure that has seen very few changes; or the economic structure that follows a consistent pattern - the social structure of North Korea has been one that is constantly changing. The bottoms up marketization, the Jangmadang generation and greater accessibility to information are only a handful of social changes that have come about North Korean society. The frequent collapses of the North Korean economy has led

“No Time for Basketball” When Gendered Globalization is at Play: An Analysis of Nike Products in the Global Arena Martlyn Buck writes in her poem, Air Nike Slam Dunk, “Vietnamese women/ forced to work/ 65 hours per week/ for 10 dollars/ no time for/ basketball games.” In just six short lines, Buck is able to illustrate to those in the Global north the connection between the seemingly unimportant privilege of wearing Nike athletic shoes and the effects of the outsourced processes of production on

Literature review: Gender Earnings Gap and Economic transition Economic theories of discrimination proffer different perspectives for understanding gender pay gaps. One ¬widely cited perspective discussed by Polachek (2004) emphasizes the role of human capital theory, which suggests that improvements in skills and productivity through investments in human capital characteristics such as education and job training are beneficial to individuals in that they increase lifetime income. Given that more